内力

In general,the internal forces acting on infinitesimal areas of fl cut may be of varying magnitudes and directions,as is shown diagrammatically in Figs.1.1and.

通常，如图1.1和所示，截面上无限小面积上所作用的内力大小和方向是变的。

However, this method also bring in the complex change of the internal forces and displacements in the bridge.

这种施工方法的采用，必然给桥梁结构带来复杂的内力和位移变化，为了保证桥梁施工质量和施工安全，桥梁的施工控制必不可少。

Secondly, whole construction process computation and mechanical analysis are conducted in the paper. In the process, the span of structure is reducing gradually with falling internal stress. Processing method of the problem that a large number of elements are overstressed in the beginning is obtained. Superposition of states is applied to analysis of key stage.

其次，本文对此施工方法进行了施工全过程的跟踪模拟力学分析，支座水平滑移结构成形过程是一个跨度逐渐减小、杆件内力随之减小的过程，对开始阶段超应力杆件数过多的问题提出了解决方案，对关键阶段结构受力采用了状态叠加的方法。

The internal force redistributions of the experimental model were tested for 1006 days, and the test data agree well with the theoretical values.

对试验模型持荷1006d的内力重分布规律进行试验观测，与理论预测结果吻合较好。

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

In this paper,the new method used to get the section resistance coefficient K is presented,the iterative procedure is established to calculate the internal forces of arch bridge with flat hinge joints,and the computational example is given.

针对这种情况，提出了确定平铰截面抗力系数K的新方法，建立了计算平铰拱桥内力的迭代算法，并进行了实例计算，研究结果表明，这一方法对具有任意个平铰、任意形状截面的拱桥结构是适用的。

The new administration would combine the energy research and development activities of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Department of the Interior.

新设立的部门将兼并核能委员会和内力部所负责的能源研究和开发活动。

For cable-stayed bridge by cantilever and segment construction, as a result of the effects of temperature difference, concrete shrinkage and creep during construction course, stress condition of structure is very complex.

对于悬臂分段现浇施工的斜拉桥，因其施工过程中受温度、混凝土收缩徐变的影响，结构受力复杂，为了保证桥梁在施工过程中的结构受力安全及成桥的线形与内力符合设计要求，必须对桥梁施工过程进行严格的控制。

After comparing the measured and standard propose temperature gradient mode on temperature effect of the thin-wall and high-pier. We get a result that the inner forced is less influced by the effects of measured temperature gradient mode. This article has carried on linear stability analysis and nonlinear stability analysis of the bridge largest cantilever.

本文以试验研究为基础，测试了背景工程典型薄壁高墩结构在日照作用下的温度分布，并初步探索了薄壁高墩结构的温度梯度模式，比较了实测与规范建议的两种温度梯度模式对薄壁高墩结构产生的温度效应影响，结果表明实测温度梯度模式的温度效应对内力的影响比较小。

It seems likely that Kraft will return with a better offer.

看起来卡夫要重新考虑一个更好的出价了。

But he'd rather burn off my feelers and watch me squirm.

可他却放任那个家伙对我为所欲为！