内分生孢子

The Cork was consisted of five or six layer long cells. The secondary phloem occupied 46% of the diameter of root, and the parenchymas cell was abundant of the inclusions. The secondary xylem consisted of vessel, xylary radial ,and a little of xylary parenchyma cells. Some segment of hypha, swelled hypha, pelotons and conidiophore were colonied in cork and secondary phloem.

周皮由木栓层，木栓形成层和栓内层组成，其中木栓层由5～6 列长形细胞组成；维管组织中次生韧皮部所占根径的比例达46%，其薄壁细胞中内含物较丰富，次生木质部中分布有导管和木射线及少量木薄壁组织；在格木木栓层和次生韧皮部中分布有菌丝片段、膨大的菌丝和菌丝团及分生孢子。

The most suitable range of temperature is 25~30℃ and lethal temperature is 56℃ for hypha growth, the most suitable temperature is 25℃ for produce more conidiospore and lethal temperature is 56℃ for conidiospore. Within the pH range of 3~11 the hypha could grow and produce conidiospore. The optimum pH is 5~7 for hypha growth and 3, 9, 10 for produce more conidiospore. The range of glucose concentration is 2%~8% for hypha growth, the most suitable glucose concentration is 2% for hypha growth and produce more conidiospore. The effect of illumination on Bipolaris cynodontis was significance to the growth hypha and spore numbers. The whole light is advantage of hypha growth, but could not produce conidiospore. Alternation of light and darkness for 12 hours is advantage of hypha growth, as well as produce conidiospore.

菌丝最佳生长温度是25~30℃之间，在25℃时最利于产孢，菌丝生长和分生孢子的致死温度是56℃；该菌在pH 3~11范围内均能生长，产生分生孢子，菌丝生长的最适pH 5~7，产孢量最大的pH是3，9，10；糖浓度在2%~8%菌丝能生长，在糖浓度为2%时菌丝生长最好，产孢量最高；光照对病原菌的菌丝生长和产孢有明显影响，在全光照的条件下有利于菌丝的生长，但不会产孢，黑暗12h光照12h既利于菌丝生长又利于产孢，而全黑暗的条件下不利于菌丝生长和产孢。

The optimum pH is 8-10 for hypha growth and 7-9 for conidiospore germination; The hypha could not grow on the culture medium which nitrogen source comes from urea and asparagines, but it could grow fast and produce more conidiospore on the culture medium which carbon source comes from maltose, glucose and lactose, and nitro0gen source come from glycine, histidiane and peptone.

该菌在PH 4~12范围内均能生长、产生分生孢子并萌发，菌丝生长的最适pH 8~10。，孢子萌发的最适PH 7~9；该菌不能在以尿素和天门冬酰氨为氮源的培养基上生长，但以麦芽糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、淀粉、甘氨酸、组氨酸和蛋白陈为碳源和氮源时，菌丝生长快、产孢量大；光照处理对该菌菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发无显著影响。

Isolates isolated from maize and 3 isolates from rice, wheat, adzuki bean in ten provinces were identified as Curvularia lunata. Based on the culture characters, such as color of colony, aerial myeelia, the number of conidia, there were some difference among 43 isolates. Meanwhile, five types of conidium were compared in culture characters and virulence. In each single conidia culture there were different morphic conidia also and no difference in virulence was found among five single-conidium cultures.

收集并分离我国10个省的玉米叶斑病病原物40个以及水稻、小麦、红小豆上的C.lunata分离物3个；对分离物进行培养性状、产孢能力及形态特征的研究结果表明：分离物在菌落颜色、气生菌丝的繁茂程度、产孢量的多少等方面存在明显的差异；同一分离物内分生孢子在形态方面有差异，不同形态单孢继代培养后仍出现多种形态分生孢子，但各单孢培养系在致病力上无差异。

The diseased leaf rate and the disease index were related closely to temperature, humidity and illumination etc. The study also showed that the conidium germinating of Pestalotiopsis versicolor started after inoculated for four hours and germinated well at pH5 to pH7. In addition, there was great appetency between the pathogen and the tea trees because the conidia germinated well on tea leaves rather than other habitats obviously.

在茶树叶面上，病原菌分生孢子萌发明显比非叶面条件下好，病原菌菌丝生长较快，说明此病原菌与茶树叶片有高度的亲和力和较强的适应茶树叶面微环境的能力；茶树轮斑病病原菌分生孢子在pH5~7范围内萌发及芽管伸长较好，pH过小或过大均不利于病原菌的分生孢子萌发和菌丝生长。

Order of imperfect fungi lacking conidiophores of having conidiophores that are superficial and not enclosed in a pycnidium.

半知菌的一个目，缺少分生子柄或有分生子柄，生在表面，但不包含在分生孢子器内。

In this paper, the biological characteristics of florescence, spikelet and inflorescences structure, morphogenesis formation of inflorescence, megasporogenesis and the development of female gametophytes were studied systematically by using anatomy structure, scanning electron microscopic and paraffin section methods. The results were as followed:(1) Phyllostachys praecox was the bamboo flowering fragmentarily; the cultivation changed the characteristic of flowering; the plantlets of flowering were complex and splitted into three kinds: the plantlet flowering before continued flowering; the plantlet flowering before stopped flowering and the plantlet changed into flowering. The inflorescence of Ph. praecox was indefinite inflorescence or called false inflorescence, and actually it was flower stress structure. Its basal unit was pseudospikelet with two kinds: apical spikelet and lateral spikelet. The floret had one lemma, one pelea, three stamens, one pistil and three lodicules.

本研究综合运用形态解剖学、扫描电镜、石蜡切片等技术手段，对雷竹花期生物学特性、小穗与花序构造、花序形态建成过程、大孢子发生与雌配子体发育等进行了较为系统的研究，结果表明：(1)雷竹为零星开花竹种，耕作条件对其开花特性具有重要影响；开花植株类型复杂多样，可以分为以前开过花现在继续开花、以前开过花现在停止开花以及以前未开过花现在转为开花等3种类型；雷竹花序为无限制花序或称&假花序&，实为花枝结构，基本单位为&假小穗&；假小穗有顶生和侧生之分；小花具内外稃各1枚，雄蕊3，雌蕊L，另具3枚大小不等之鳞被。

Analysis of these mutants revealed that the expression level of the neutral trehalase gene in RNAi mutant (Ma688 strain) was reduced to 42% of which found in wild-type strain and the over-expression mutant (Ma113 strain) showed approximatlely 2-fold higher levels of neutral trehalase mRNA than that found in wild-type control. Then the transformants Ma688 and Ma113 were chosen for closer examination, including trehalose content, storage longevity , thermotol

利用Northern blot 分析这几个突变菌株中性海藻糖酶基因mRNA 的含量，选择中性海藻糖酶基因超表达2 倍和中性海藻糖酶基因被抑制到42%的两个转化菌：Ma113 和Ma688，将其与出发菌株进行分生孢子内海藻糖含量的测定，孢子储藏

Additionally, the growth of the pathogen was obviously affected by cultural media. The morphological characters such as colony color and diameter, and production of fruit body of the fungus growing on PDA, 10% V8, apple leaves dextrose agar and apple leaves extraction dextrose agar media were different. The fungus formed colonies of about 8mm in diameter and did not produce fruit bodies and aerial hyphae in 1 month incubation on PDA. However it formed the similar size colonies as on PDA and produced fruit bodies and aerial hyphae on 10% V8 and LDA media in the same incubation period. Very small colonies (2mm in diameter) and fruit bodies were found on LEDA media in the same incubation condition. These results indicated that successful isolation of M. coronaria from apple leaves depended on suitable isolation method and cultural media as well as fresh samples.

不同培养基上菌落形态、大小和产孢情况差异也很大，培养1个月（25℃）后PDA上菌落黑褐色隆起，表面蚯蚓粪状，无气生菌丝，无子实体和基内菌丝；10% V8培养基上菌落中央隆起，黑褐色，表面生少量气生菌丝，边缘放射状，基内菌丝深褐色，有子实体；苹果叶片葡萄糖琼脂培养基上菌落平坦，黄褐色，表面生茂密的金黄色气生菌丝，基内菌丝深褐色，有子实体；苹果叶片煎汁葡萄糖琼脂培养基上菌落有明显的不规则隆起，黄褐色至黑褐色，表面生少许气生菌丝，菌落生长缓慢，无基内菌丝，分生孢子盘菌落表面生，菌落直径仅2mm左右，而在其他培养基上的菌落直径可达6－8mm，说明培养基质、分离方法均对苹果盘二孢的分离培养和生长发育有明显的影响。

After division in conidial cell, the nuclei entered into germ tube and divided repeatedly, and therefore the number of nuclei in germ tube variably multiplied. The mitosis of F. graminearum has four phases.

观察表明，分生孢子细胞为单核，细胞核在分生孢子细胞内分裂后进入芽管，在芽管内进行多次分裂，使芽管内细胞核数目不断变化。

It seems likely that Kraft will return with a better offer.

看起来卡夫要重新考虑一个更好的出价了。

But he'd rather burn off my feelers and watch me squirm.

可他却放任那个家伙对我为所欲为！