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Instable flowing of plastics in extrusion die head often occurs as the sprue in the die head for plastic profiled bar inner rib is designed excessively dependable on experiences.

针对塑料异型材挤出模头内筋流道设计中过多依赖经验，造成模头作业不稳定的状况，提出了稳定性设计问题，并以实例介绍了运用计算机数值模拟技术辅助设计内筋流道结构参数的过程，提供了一个可行的内筋流道稳定性设计方法。

The three patches of receptive field existed a few overlapping areas and also had separate area. When the intensity of mechanical stimulation was controlled to evoke only one T cell excited, the simultaneous intracellular recordings with four microelectrodes (one in AP cell and the other three in three T cells respectively) could shown that under natural conditions AP cells can positionally discriminate the area of the mechanical stimulation on a single annulus with the postsynaptic potential.

将机械刺激强度控制在只激活一个T细胞时，利用四根胞内微电极同时记录（三根电极在三个T细胞内，第四根电极在AP细胞内），结果表明AP细胞在自然条件下对单个体环上的机械刺激区域确实具有突触后电位的部位分辨功能。

The total activity of EPs increased at first and then decreased during both senescences. The changes of endopeptidase isozymes in wheat leaf senescence were studied by using natural gradient-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis co-polymerized with hemoglobin or gelatin in the gel.

主要研究内容如下： 1、小麦叶片衰老过程中内肽酶的变化蛋白质的降解需要蛋白水解酶，包括内肽酶和外肽酶的参与，叶衰老过程中发挥主要作用的是内肽酶。

Results Among 127 patients,there were 64(50.5%)complicated with diabetes insipidus after operation,of which one died from diabetes insipdus,39 cases (60.9%)recovered in one week,11 cases in 2 weeks,3 cases in 4 weeks,4 cases in one year,4 cases over one year,and 3 case...

结果 127例术后并发尿崩症64例，发生率为50.5％，尿崩死亡1例，死亡率为1.6％，其中39例(60.9％)在术后1周内恢复正常；11例(17.2％)在2周内恢复正常；3例(4.7％)在4周内恢复正常；4例(6.3％)持续1年；4例(6.3％)持续1年以上；3例(4.7％)持续3年以上。

To dec.2002 were analysed by means of wounding tract and fracture.results during 24 cases of gunshot wound, wounds of 20 cases healed without event after primary debridment and sewing wounds,3 cases healed and l case infected in 4 cases of primary debridment without suture,and 4 cases of primary internal fixed fracture had no osteomyelitis.the injury of soft tissue and contamination of wound track were serious in explosion wound than in gunshot wound,10 cases healed without event and 4 cased infected in l4 cases of primary closed explosion wounds,and 2 cases of primary inernal fixed fracture had no osteomyelitis.conclusion it is suggested that the management of firearm wound in cold and dry region may be delayed moderately in time of debridement.the firearm wound may be treated by internal fixation of fracture and primary closing of tract after early debridment when the soft tissue injury was light in peacetime, which decreased the infection,disability and promoted rehabilitation of patients.

结果 24例枪伤中，20例一期缝合伤口，均一期愈合，另外4例只清创未一期缝合的伤口，3例愈合，1例感染；4例骨折内固定均愈合良好，无骨髓炎发生。16例炸伤病人局部软组织损伤及污染比枪弹伤重，14例一期缝合伤口中，10例一期愈合，4例感染，骨折内固定2例，均愈合良好，无骨髓炎发生。结论寒冷干燥地区火器伤早期伤道清创时限可适当延长，在平时火器伤的救治中，对软组织条件较好的创面，早期清创后可一期闭合伤口和骨折内固定，这样可减少感染和伤残，促进康复。寒冷干燥地区；火器伤；早期救治

In chapter 2 and 3, experimentally, using the Angular-Resolved high-resolution fast Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer , at the condition of 2. 5 keV incident energy and 50-60 meV energy resolution, we measured the Optical Oscillator Strength Density Spectra for the excitations of 4p, 4s or 3d electron. The oscillator strengths for excitations of the valent shell 4p electron were obtained, and comparisons were done between presently experimental and previously experimental and theoretical results. The experimental results of different groups agree with each other approximately, but the semi-experientially theoretical results do not match with the experimental results. The delayed maximum in the photoabsorption spectra was discussed. It should arise from the transition of 4p→∈d. For the excitation of the inner-valent 4s electron, the discrepancies for the resonant structures in previous electron-impact results and photoionization results were clarified in present work, which confirms again that the fast electron impact method is suitable to measure the optical oscillator strengths. The autoionization Rydberg series 4s〓ns (n=5, 6, 7) and 4s〓nd (n=4, 5, 6, 7) were identified without ambiguity by the measurement at 0°, 2° and 4°scattering angles. The energy levels and natural widths of the excitations of Kr3d and Ar2p inner shell, including optically allowed and forbidden transitions, were determined. The widths of these inner shell excitations are nearly the same, which was interpreted by the Resonant Auger effect .

在第二章和第三章，实验上，使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和50-60meV能量分辨下，测量了Kr原子由价壳层4p到内价壳层4s，再到内壳层3d电子激发的光学振子强度密度谱；得到了价壳层4p电子激发束缚态的光学振子强度，与前人实验和半经验理论结果作了细致的比较，说明几家实验是比较符合的，但半经验的理论计算存在问题；分析了光吸收谱中的延迟极大现象，说明在第一电离阈值以上几个eV范围内的极大值源于4p→εd跃迁产生的延迟极大；对于内价壳层4s激发的自电离区，澄清了前人实验中电子碰撞方法和光学方法在共振结构上存在差异的问题，再一次肯定了快电子碰撞方法是获得绝对光学振子强度的一种好方法；通过在非0°散射角的测量（如2°和4°），清楚地标识了4s电子激发的光学禁戒跃迁自电离里德堡系列4s〓ns（n=5，6，7）和4s〓nd（n=4，5，6，7）；通过在0°和4°散射角的测量，观测并标识了几个新的内壳层光学禁戒跃迁能级，得到了Kr原子3d和Ar原子2p内壳层激发态（包括光学允许和禁戒跃迁形成的）的能级位置和自然宽度，用共振俄歇效应解释了这些内壳层激发态（不管是光学允许还是禁戒跃迁产生的）的自然宽度彼此比较接近的原因。

The experiment is optimized by single factor method, and the preferable condition is obtained. The yield of ketopantolactone is 71.8%, and the conversion of ketopantolactone is 99.0%. The DL-pantolactone is resoluted with carbamidine, which is a simple method.

文中通过单因素优化实验，找到了较佳的反应条件，酮基泛内酯的收率为71.8％，催化氢化酮基泛内酯的转化率为99％，DL-泛内酯采用胍作为拆分剂，简单实用。

The animal model of this method system have, the characteristics of the high fat, high leptin, high Ins, and match with the characteristic of clinical and the pathologic of simple obesity. This studies showed: The acupuncture can obviously reduce the vaule of intaking food and water of the fat rats, and lower the body weight and fat; The acupuncture can urge the diameter, area, physical volume of white fat cell contract, Brown fat tissue of fat rat group surroundings vascular containing large quantity of white fat cell, the acupuncture group was less. this showed: The acupuncture enhanced the white fat cell metabolism, and promotesed the white fat cell to convert to brown fat cell; The frequency of spontaneous electric of nerve cell of pvn of the fat rat is high, the acupuncture counld depress the spontaneous electric of nerve cell of pvn, This showed: the acupuncture can depress the appetite passing to adjust function of pvn nerve; The monoaminergic neurotransmitter of inside of the fat rat brain is disfunction, the acupuncture can rectify this disfunction, and adjust level of 5-HT, and affect appetite, and improve metabolism; The level of leptin and Ins of fat rat increased high, The level of it of acupuncture group decreased, compared with the fat group p.001, This showed: the fat rats have the defeat of leptin and Ins in the body, The acupuncture can lowering this defeat, The level of leptin and Ins of the fat rat in the brain is less than the normal group, The level of leptin of the acupuncture group is high than the fat group, This showed: the acupuncture can increase the transportation of leptin from blood to brain.

本方法所制肥胖大鼠模型具有高体重、高脂、高leptin和高Ins血症的特点，符合人类单纯性肥胖病的临床和病理特征；实验研究显示：针灸能明显减少肥胖大鼠的摄水、摄食量及降低其体重、体脂；针灸能促使白色脂肪细胞直径、面积、体积缩小，减少肥胖大鼠棕色脂肪组织血管周围白色脂肪细胞数量，显示：针灸增强了白色脂肪细胞的代谢，促进了白色脂肪细胞向棕色脂肪细胞的转化：肥胖大鼠PVN神经细胞自发放电频率增加，脑内单胺递质紊乱，针灸通过抑制PVN亢奋的自发放电，调整5-HT水平，达到影响食欲，改善代谢的作用；肥胖大鼠血中leptin及Ins水平增高，与正常组大鼠比有明显差异，提示大鼠体内存在leptin及Ins抵抗，针灸后肥胖大鼠随着体重体脂的下降，血中leptin、Ins水平降低，与肥胖组比均有显著性差异，而针灸后大鼠脑内leptin增加，与肥胖组比P.05，提示：针灸具有改善leptin、Ins抵抗及增加leptin脑内转运的作用。

Quantitatively, the optical density of NADPH-d positive neurons in all of the related nuclei was significantly increased in the BDL animals compared with controls. Since NO is thought to be able to increase the motilities of the gallbladder and the sphincter of Oddi in anesthelized rabbits, the elevation of NADPH-d and NOS reactivities is likely to magnify the excitatory effect on the extrahepatic biliary system for the purpose of depletion of the loitered bile juice from the jaundiced liver. These data may also have important implications for the altered state of circulatory, metabolic or regenerative responsiveness under pathological condition.

此现象一来可推测，肝脏在遭受胆管阻塞性黄胆的伤害后，其代谢、血液动态与温度调节作用势必改变、紊乱、甚至失功能，而感觉神经也势必会接受到大量的机械性、化学性、渗透性等感知讯息，所以感觉神经元将一氧化氮制造量提升，有助於感觉讯息的快速传报，以发挥回馈调控的效果；二来可表示，自主神经系统不论是交感或副交感神经，为了因应胆管阻塞所造成肝脏的病变，以增加一氧化氮的制造，意欲刺激肝外胆道系统，排空滞留在肝脏内或胆囊内的胆汁，而达到恢复肝脏内代谢、血液循环、胆汁流动等功能控制的恒定状态。

The result explained that the favourable relation of irreversible Carnot cycle which has as time of absorption heat and rejection heat as endo-reversible Carnot cycle is optimum. The discussion reveals that this relation is universal satisfying basic favourable for...

结果表明与内可逆卡诺循环有相同吸、放热时间的不可逆卡诺循环的优化关系最佳；讨论说明这一优化关系是线性、非线性传热，内可逆与内不可逆多种情况满足的普遍关系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。