兼并

With one of successful mergers BP Amoco Merger could be valuable for reference to the mergers of state-run enterprises in China in the future, especially after China enters the WTO.

面对目前一波又一波奔袭而来的兼并浪潮，面对我国越来越多的企业投身"兼并的战场"，本文试图通过BP对AMOCO的兼并动机和效应等进行分析探讨，以对国内的企业兼并，特别是在中国加入WTO及全球经济一体化的环境下，提供有价值的参考和启示。

British Petroleum Company started to merger Amoco, a big American oil company, in August 1998 and generated a new round "merger wave" in the world petroleum and chemical industries.

该论文通过对BP兼并AMOCO的案例分析来研究企业兼并的原因及之后的整合，目的在于探讨兼并所能带来的管理上和效益上的利益价值。

The social effects of Fims'merger studied in this paper include the motivation of Firms'merger and their impacts on consumer's surplus, profit of other firms and the whole social welfare.

企业兼并的社会效应包括兼并对参与兼并企业所产生的内部效应和兼并对其他企业利润、消费者剩余、整个社会福利、市场结构等诸多方面所产生的外部效应。

By means of equilibrium outcome analysis of merger game, it gives the decision basis that rational firm strategically selects merger model and analyze the interests conflict between consumers and firms and government under the equilibrium merger model in the imperfect information analysis, by means of the prior probability of firm marginal cost described by continuous distribution function, the passage clarifies the relations between pre-emptive merger with rational expectation and equilibrium merger model, in the vertical relation industry.

在对不完全信息下企业兼并博弈的分析中，通过以连续分布函数形式描述的企业边际成本的先验概率，本文给出了具有纵向关系的产业中，具有理性预期的先置兼并作用及与均衡的兼并模式之间的关系。

Based on a lot of empirical analysis, the author summerizes that the historical premises of mergers in the United States include of the development of modern-enterprise、the technical innovation、the expansile demand and the development of capital market, surveys the developments and characters of mergers in the United States. From Marx's capital concentration theory to the arguments between structure school and conduct school, from the theories of economists at the present age abroad to the achievements of the learned men in China. the author surveys the theorical developments of merger. Making a clear definition of the concept and premises of self-organizational merger on the hypothesis that enterprise is a kind of self-organization, futhermore, the author constructs the theoretical frame of self-organizational merger.

主要内容有：在对大量实证材料分析的基础上，归纳出美国企业兼并的历史前提是现代企业形成与发展、技术上的创新、市场需求的扩大和资本市场的发展，阐释了美国企业兼并的历程与特点；从马克思的资本集中理论，到结构主义与行为主义的争论与分歧，从当代经济学家们的若干理论，到中国学者对企业兼并的认识，跟踪考察了企业兼并理论的起源与发展；从企业是自组织系统的假设出发，界定了企业自组织兼并的内涵，提出了企业自组织兼并存在的条件体系，构建了市场结构、企业自组织兼并行为、产业绩效、政府调控的企业自组织兼并理论的SCPG分析框架，分析了企业自组织兼并理论的贡献。

We conclude that there are strong incentives for the merged firms to take such horizontal merger which is profitable for them, and find some conditions under which such mergers would decrease market price and raise the consumer welfare and social welfare.

结果表明：参与兼并的企业存在很强的兼并动机，而且对于企业而言有利可图的横向兼并在一定条件下可以降低市场价格，也有利于消费者福利和社会总福利的增长。

In this dissertation, focused on the differentiation among products and the cost synergy effects of mergers, the influence of horizontal merger on market structure and the influences of market structure changes on merger are analyzed deeply.

从产品差异性及成本协同角度，深入分析了横向兼并对市场结构的影响及市场结构变化对厂商兼并动机及序列兼并行为的影响。

And it has very important practical significance in the policies decision and the conflicts solution. 2 . This paper, with the aid of a multi period game model, discusses the firms profit and the social welfare in short run and in long run after firm's horizontal merger under open economy.

例如在本国企业发生兼并的情况下，当参与兼并的企业在兼并前的产量之和不超过该国的净出口额时，则使兼并企业利润增加且使市场价格提高的横向兼并将促进该国社会福利的增长；而当国外企业间发生使均衡价格提高的横向兼并时，将导致净出口国社会总福利的提高。

Haier merged an electroplating factory from 1998 to 1990; in 1991, Tsingtao Ice Box main plant; in 1992, a condenser plant; in 1995, the former Hongxing electric appliance factory and five branch factories. All these mergers were successful.

像1988－1990年兼并电镀厂，1991年兼并青岛电冷柜总厂，1992年兼并冷凝器厂，1995年兼并原红星电器厂及其所属的五个厂家等都做得比较成功。

The result shows: the merger based on the economy of scope can bring with negative influence to unmerged firms as it can buildup strategic advantage for merged firms, and force the unmerged firms to take the following mergers. And the situation that one kind of the merger can trigger a serial analogy merger is analyzed in the dissertation.

研究表明：基于范围经济的兼并行为，在为兼并厂商获得竞争优势的同时，也损害了未兼并厂商的利益，从而迫使其采取跟随兼并行为，且在一定条件下此类兼并能够引发一系列类似兼并行为。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。