养老

Based on the Japanese care system through the introduction the background and content,this article studies community care system in Japan pension system and function,collects a lot of data for analysis of population aging and pension status;by Learning from Japan's successful experience of community endowment,according to China's national situation raised some recommendations to build urban communities.

本文通过介绍日本护理制度产生的背景和内容，研究日本护理制度的社区养老体系及功能，收集了很多数据用于分析我国人口老龄化的情况及养老现状；借鉴日本社区养老的成功经验，根据我国的国情提出了几点构建城市社区的建议。

In this paper,using annuity theory and combining with State Department′s 'the decision of establishing consolidated corporation employee pension system ',the actuarial model of pension substitute rate with different contributing years to employees is derived

利用年金理论并结合1997年国务院《关于建立统一的企业职工基本养老保险制度的决定》文件，得到我国职工在不同缴费年限下基本养老保险替代率精算模型，并利用该模型对基本养老保险替代率进行模拟分析。

To the Anshun Xixiu District dragonet village present situation research, may elaborate that the Chinese countryside retirement's present situation, promulgates the Chinese countryside retirement existence some prominent questions, and in these question's foundation proposed that several suggestions, in order to solves the Chinese countryside retirement question.

对XXX市西秀区小龙村现状研究，可以阐述中国农村养老的现状，揭示中国农村养老存在的一些突出的问题，并在这些问题的基础上提出几点建议，作为解决中国农村养老问题的途径。

In this case, this article is based on looking back the process of our country's endowment insurance legal system, mainly making a study on our present situation and policy of endowment insurance system, hoping to provide something useful for improving our country's endowment insurance.

基于这种考虑，在回顾我国养老保险立法化进程的基础上，对我国养老保险制度的立法现状和对策进行尝试性的研究，希望能为完善我国的养老保险制度提供一点可供参考的东西。

Up to now, most of the economists insist on efficiency in Social Security. After the analysis of the character and status of Basic Endowment Insurance, based on Keynesianism, I brought forward that Social Security, especially the Endowment Insurance System, should insist on the fair as the most important things.

笔者在分析基本养老保险的性质及其在中国经济发展中所占地位的基础上，结合凯恩斯的经济学思想，提出了社会保障，特别是基本养老保险体系要以"公平"为原则的经济学观点，并采用社会学和经济学相结合的分析方法，运用统计和精算原理，通过实证分析对于我国基本养老保险的公平问题进行了研究。

More than 75% of town people who are not officer or worker, we call them "other urban residents", and rural residents are out of the protection of both the first pillar and the second pillar, and this state will Sustain not a short time. This is to say that they can only depend on private savings for their old-age life.

从社会各阶层现有的养老保障分析，超过全国人口四分之三的城镇居民中&非企业职工群体&（本文称之为城镇其他居民）和农村居民是社会养老保障第一支柱和第二支柱的盲区，这部分居民的养老保障只能依靠个人储蓄，受社会养老保障政策和财政收入水平的限制，在很长的一段时期内他们很难成为第一支柱和第二支柱的受益者。

The development of the service industry including the disabled elderly, frail elders needs to be organized, social-oriented, industry-oriented mode, for this destination we should study large amounts of data, design a large number of models, carry out pilot projects, accumulate all kinds of the forms of the pension unit and pension resource, in order to give the human power and the knowledge content to the elderly pension industry, setting up the pension service system with Chinese characteristics in a short time.

包括失能老人、重度残疾失能老人服务业在内的老人服务产业的发展，需要组织化、社会化、产业化的生产方式，要研究大量的数据、设计大量的模型，开展试点，积累经验，整合各类各种形式的养老单位和养老资源，将中国的养老服务产业赋予真正的人本力量和知识内涵，以尽快在短期内确立起有中国特色的养老服务体系。

China's pension service undertaking has developed somewhat in recent years but has been unable to match the situations of accelerating aged population and growing demand for social pensions. Shortage of pension resources, low service level and outdated service mechanisms have become the three main factors restraining the development of China's pension service industry.

近年来中国养老服务事业有所发展，但与老龄化加速、社会养老需求不断增长的形势不相适应，养老资源紧缺，服务水准低下，体制机制滞后已经成为制约中国养老服务业发展的3个主要因素。

According to data released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, while the aged population reaches 169 million, beds available for pension service total only are 2.5 million or less than 15 beds for every 1,000 old people. The proportion is far lower than that in developed nations that have about 70 pension service beds for every 1,000 old people, and also lower than that in some developing nations like Romania and Brazil with 20-30 pension service beds for every 1,000 old people.

来自民政部的数据显示，目前中国1.69亿老年人口，养老床位仅约250万张，每千名老人占有养老床位不到15张，不仅与发达国家平均每千名老人占有养老床位数约70张的水准相比，差距很大，也低於有些发展中国家如罗马尼亚、巴西每千名老人占有养老床位20-30张的水准。

We need to establish a new pension insurance to cope with oldage challenges as the original oldage security system can't solve the pension problem of the rural population.

我国原有的农村社会养老保险制度无法解决农村人口的养老问题，农村亟需建立有效的新型社会养老保险制度以应对养老挑战。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。