养老

This paper cited Gary Becker's behavior theory and Irvin Fisher's periods consuming theory as framework and established a model to describe rural household's produce decision for analysis of effect of quantity and quality of children to endowment.

本文以加里贝克尔的家庭经济行为理论和阿尔文费雪的时际选择消费理论为框架，建立了一个农户生育决策与消费模型，用于分析农户生育决策与人力资本投资行为如何通过子女的数量和质量影响养老福利，结果说明，已有的农村家庭养老模式已经改变，传统认为子女数目对养老的影响可能不再显著，尤其是对经济支持作用更多的由流动就业子女数目来体现，子女的质量对养老会产生显著的正向影响。

The future pension selection of migrant workers,based on traditional family pension and land pension,should be built on such protection modes as social insurance,commercial insurance,voluntary chummage and apartments habitat raising and so on.

农夫工未来养老选择，应在传统家庭、土地养老的基础上，推行社会保险、商业保险养老和自愿合住、公寓居养等养老保障模式。

The future pension selection of migrant workers,based on traditional family pension and land pension,should be built on such protection modes as social insurance,commercial insurance,voluntary chummage and apartments habitat raising and so on.

农民工未来养老选择，应在传统家庭、土地养老的基础上，推行社会保险、商业保险养老和自愿合住、公寓居养等养老保障模式。

There are several main reasons: Liaoning's elderly insurance institution experimental reform model realizes the dividedly management between social finance and individual account,strengthens the levy of elderly insurance premium,widens the elderly insurance coverage,incentives workers to work actively because individual account become having fund accu...

分析其原因是：辽宁养老保险制度改革试点模式实行了社会统筹和个人账户分账管理，加强了养老保险费的征缴工作，扩大了养老保险覆盖面，做实了个人账户，激发了员工的劳动积极性，增加对养老保险的财政支出，缓解了企业缴费率提高的压力。

With this,this paper suggests that to protect the endowment insurance interest of the migrant workers (especially the rural migrant workers),we execute an endowment insurance on a provincial basis without losing the urban mode,establish a system of permanent social security number,execute the system of social security document record,set up a central clearing and settlement system and branch it out provincially.

从这一新的价值选择出发，在保持现有各地实行的仿城型养老保险模式基础上，实行养老保险省级统筹；建立终身的社会保险号制度；实行社会保险档案记录管理制度；设立养老保险中央结算中心及其在各省的分支机构，以保障跨地区流动人员的养老保险权益。

One of the factor arousing fund risks of social endowment insurance system is falseness of premium-paid base, so necessary steps should be take to assure its authenticity and avoid decrease recessively of the fund.this paper expounds the situation of fund risks of social security pension system by applying a great deal data . Then taking the current system in Zhejiang province as an example, the paper analyzes whether the current system corresponds to by mainly applying the method of game theory . Based on these detailed analysis. Meanwhile by comparing the typical pension system of other countries, the paper puts forward our target system in the future.

文章以大量数据说明当前基本养老保险基金风险的严重情况，指出基本养老保险缴费基数是导致基金风险的重要原因，然后以浙江省基本养老保险制度为例，阐述缴费基数不实的种种表现，并结合博弈论等方法分析这些因素出现的深层次原因，在此基础上，运用精算学理论揭示基本养老保险缴费基数与基金风险之间的关系，分析缴费基数不实的危害性，重点为缴费基数不实导致基金养老保险基金流失的实证分析，最后总结全文，有针对性地提出提高缴费基数真实性的政策建议。

The innovations of this essay are following:Ⅰ, Completely investigating the theoretic introduction, practical application, and effects on investment administrant, and putting forward that China should transit gradually from dracon quantity regulation rules to prudent man rules;Ⅱ, Lucubrating the rational, negative effects, and experience tests of portfolio allocation regulation, performance regulation, and industry structure regulation of pension funds over OECD countries;Ⅲ, Analyzing the rational and sensibility of relative rate of return guarantees of pension plan, and advancing the scheme of rate of return guarantees of China;Ⅳ, First investigating the investment policy of pension plans globally using "contents analysis" over the world pension plans;Ⅴ, Lodging that portfolio diversification should be the most important risk management instrument, and presenting efficiency measure model of evaluating portfolio diversification of pension funds;Ⅵ, Lucubrating the optimal portfolio allocation model during accumulation phase and decumulation phase of pension funds; taking for that risky assets should decrease with time reducing during accumulation phase, but during decumulation risky assets should increase.

指出了本文研究的主要结论，以及研究的不足和未来研究的方向。本文研究的创新点在于：（1）从法和经济学的原理角度，全面研究了&审慎人&原则的理论解释、实践应用、对投资管理人行为影响的实证分析以及成功实施&审慎人&原则的因素分析，提出我国养老基金的投资管制应该逐步从严格的数量管制原则过渡到&审慎人&管制原则；（2）深入研究了养老基金的资产配置管制、业绩管制和产业结构管制的基本原理、负面效应、实证检验等，以及对OECD国家的国际比较；（3）研究了养老金计划的相对收益率担保的基本原理，并对其作用机制进行了敏感性分析，提出了我国收益率担保机制设计的方案；（4）首次采用&内容分析法&对国际范围内的养老金计划的投资政策进行了研究，找出了投资政策应该包含的关键要素；（5）提出组合多样化是最重要的风险控制手段，并给出了衡量养老基金组合多样化程度的效率评价模型；（6）深入研究了养老基金积累阶段和缩减阶段的最优资产配置的数量模型，认为在积累阶段对风险资产的投资应该随着时间减少，而在缩减阶段，风险资产应随着时间增加。

This text analysethe main pension model in our country's countryside at present,choose Lizuang village for the questionnaire surveyabout choicing desire pension model at the town of yangxia in Fuqing city of Fujing province,through researched dataanalyse influence the elderly people's pension desire's factors and its notabilities,and thereby get the

本文分析了我国农村现行的主要养老模式，选择了福建省福清市阳下镇的梨庄村进行老年人的养老模式选择意愿问卷调查，通过调查数据分析影响老年人养老意愿选择的因素及其显著性，从而提出梨庄村实施优选养老模式的对策建议。

This text is divided into four parts altogether: first part,mainly analyze to the crisis of Chiles old system, announce the reason of the reform; Second part Including:principle, goal of the reform, the content of the new system, the action of transition period and operation result of the new system; The third part,appraisal and summary of experience of the reform; The fourth part, the ones that reformed to China in Chile basic old-age pension system benefited enlightenment.

本文共分为四个部分：第一部分，对智利旧的养老保险制度的危机进行分析，揭示进行改革的原因；第二部分包括：智利养老保险制度改革的原则、目标，新的养老保险制度的内容，过渡时期的举措及新制度的运行效果分析；第三部分是对改革的评价及经验总结；第四部分，指出智利养老保险制度改革对中国养老保险制度改革所具有的现实意义。

But the most important are the issues like the weakening function on the arable land, the effect of the family planning policy, the floating of the labor force, traditional feudal concepts, as well as issues like extension of the life-span on one hand, and the incapability of self-help on the other, and the construction of Chinese legal institution.

尤其是，重点对农村养老涉及到的土地养老功能弱化、计划生育政策对农村家庭养老的影响、劳动力转移对农村家庭养老的影响、传统家庭伦理观念的转变对农村家庭养老的影响、老年人平均寿命延长和自理能力下降、法制建设等问题进行了深入分析。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。