具鳞片的叶

Leaves needlelike, scalelike, or both, base of needlelike leaves not jointed, decurrent; cones terminal; seed cones with 3-8 decussate or whorled cone scales.

针状的叶，鳞片状，都或，基部的针状叶不具关节，；孢子叶球顶生；球果具3-8交互对生的或轮生珠鳞。

Young branches and inflorescences with densely scurfy stellate scale-hairs; leaves glaucous-gray, base with semiorbicular glands.

浓密的幼枝和花序具具鳞屑的星状鳞片毛；叶子有白霜灰色，基于具腺体。 22 C。 laevigatus 光叶巴豆

Leaves simple, alternate, opposite, or whorled, petiolate or sessile, papery or leathery, with pinnate veins, margin entire, leaves rarely reduced and scalelike; stipules absent, sometimes spiniform or scalelike appendages present.

单叶，互生，对生，或轮生，具叶柄的或无梗，纸质或革质，托叶无，有时有刺状或者鳞片状附属物。

Needles with basal sheath persistent and basal scalelike leaves decurrent, cross section with 2 vascular bundles; umbo dorsal.

针叶具基部鞘宿存和下延的基部鳞片状叶，横断面具维管束；鳞脐背侧。

Roots fasciculate, stringy; stems with 1 or 2 pairs of scalelike leaves near base; upper leaves obtuse at apex, rust-colored pubescent

根束状，多筋；茎具1或2对鳞片状叶近基部；上部叶片先端钝，锈色的短柔毛 58 var。 cinerascens 小寸金黄

Trees, evergreen, up to 15 m tall; branches with 1 prophyll, young shoots and petioles stellately tomentose or with sessile peltate scales; buds perulate.

乔木，常绿，可达15米高； 1先出叶的分枝具，幼枝和叶柄被绒毛或具无梗盾状鳞；芽具鳞片。

Herbs perennial, suberect, often clumped, with fleshy turions that leave brown leathery basal scales. Stems 7-25 cm tall, simple or sparsely branched, strigillose throughout, lacking raised decurrent lines.

多年生草本，近直立，叶棕色革质基生鳞片的通常丛生，具肉质具鳞根出条的。7-25厘米高的茎，单或疏生枝，全部具短糙伏毛，缺乏凸起下延线。

Shrubs, erect, rarely treelike, deciduous; new leafy shoots from axils of leaves of past season; young shoots sometimes verticillate, not scaly, setose, pubescent or glabrous.

灌木，直立，很少乔木状，落叶；新叶状枝生自以前季节的叶的腋的；有时轮生的幼枝，无鳞片，具刚毛，被短柔毛或无毛。

Calyx adaxially with long simple hairs at least along veins; mericarps smooth, thin-walled, not dehiscent

花萼波动，5浅裂，边缘具长缘毛毛；相同的叶多少，相距为其直径的对几乎邻接的较少然后的叶背面鳞片。

With flattened, scaly outgrowths, as on the epidermis of the stem and leaves of some ferns.

具小鳞片的 Ramentaceous 具有扁平的、鳞片状的突起，如某些真蕨茎和叶的表皮。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。