具鳞

Leaves needlelike, scalelike, or both, base of needlelike leaves not jointed, decurrent; cones terminal; seed cones with 3-8 decussate or whorled cone scales.

针状的叶，鳞片状，都或，基部的针状叶不具关节，；孢子叶球顶生；球果具3-8交互对生的或轮生珠鳞。

Inflorescences aggregations of sessile florets in spikelets or pseudospikelets, branching absent to compound, bracteate or ebracteate; spikelets prophyllate or not, glumes often poorly distinguished from basal bracts and lemmas, not subtending viable buds or branches, or in pseudospikelets subtending axillary buds capable of partial or extensive spikelet ramification; lodicules absent to very many, usually 3, usually ciliate, veined, posterior lodicule usually narrower than anterior pair.

花序(更多的correctlysynflorescences)集中的无梗小穗或复合的分枝无到，pseudospikelets小花，或无苞片；小穗先出叶与否，从基部的苞片和外稃卓越的不好的颖片通常，通常，许多的鳞被无到，通常具缘毛，，通常比前面对狭窄的后唇瓣鳞被。

Investigation into the drag-reduction mechanism of riblet surfaces makes placoid scale a perfect object to biomaterial research.

鲨鱼体表覆有一层细小的盾鳞，盾鳞上的脊状突起称为肋条，肋条之间构成具圆弧底的沟槽。

Seed cones borne in groups of 1-6, globose or subglobose, 0.9-1.6(-2.5)× 1-2(-2.5) cm; cone scales 20-30, proximal 2 margins often convex in outline, or all 4 margins ± concave in outline, middle part with or without distinct shoulders at widest point, apex usually recurved, umbo rhombic, distally with 4 or 5(-7) toothlike projections 1-3.5 mm. Seeds 2-5 per cone scale, brown or dark brown, irregularly ellipsoid or multiangular and ± compressed, 4-6.5 × 2-3.5 mm; wings 0.2-0.25 mm wide.

1-6个中的成群忍受的球果，球状或近球状， 0.9-1.6(-2.5)* 1-2(-2.5)厘米；珠鳞20-30，轮廓的下部的2个边缘通常凸面，轮廓的或全部4个边缘多少凹面，有或没有在宽点的离生的肩的中部，先端通常下弯，鳞脐，上部每珠鳞具4或5(-7)种子2-5 1-3.5毫米的齿状预测， 4-6.5 * 2-3.5 毫米；翅0.2-0.25毫米宽。

Glumes (1–)3(–5), transitional with basal, sterile lemmas; lemma 7- to many veined, abaxially commonly puberulent and with distinct tessellation, adaxially slightly scabrous with minute setulae, apex acuminate with an awnlike point; palea conspicuously smaller than lemma or equaling in length but much narrower in upper florets, abaxially minutely setulate, 2-keeled, 2–4-veined between and beside keels, apex obtuse or emarginate; lodicules 3, membranous with thickened lower portion, 5–7-veined, margins ciliate, anterior pair of lodicules usually asymmetrical.

颖片(1-)3(-5)，基部，不育的过渡具；外稃7-在很多脉，背面通常被微柔毛并且有清楚棋盘花纹，有微小setulae，芒状点的先端渐尖正面有点粗糙；内稃显著但是非常在上面小花内狭窄的小于外稃或者等长，鳞被3，膜质具加厚更低的份，5-7脉，边缘具缘毛，前面的对鳞被通常不对称。

Leaves small to large; leaf blade margin usually entire, sometimes crenulate or revolute; abaxial surface scaly, sometimes also uniformly woolly, or pubescent or strap-shaped-setose along main veins.

叶小到大的；叶片边缘通常全缘，有时具细圆齿或外卷；背面有鳞，有时也均匀具绵状毛，或沿着主脉短柔毛或舌状具刚毛的。

The experimental results suggested that Davallia mariesii and Araiostegia parvipinnata have enriched antioxidant components and better antioxidative activity.

首先，测定上述七种植物水抽取物总多酚类之含量，结果显示以海州骨碎补、鳞轴小膜盖蕨含量最多；在多种抗氧化活性测定中，亦以鳞轴小膜盖蕨、海州骨碎补具较佳之活性。

Pedicels scaly; calyx large,(2–)3–8 mm, deeply 5-lobed, scaly, margin sometimes ciliate; corolla tubular-campanulate to funnel-campanulate, pink, white, or yellow; outer surface usually scaly, sometimes glabrous; stamens 10, declinate; ovary 5-locular; style straight, glabrous or scaly at base.

花梗有鳞；大的花萼，(2-)3-8毫米，深深5浅裂，有鳞，有时具缘毛的边缘；花冠管状钟状到漏斗状钟状，粉红色，白色，或黄色；外表面通常有鳞，有时无毛；雄蕊10，下倾；子房5室；花柱直，无毛的或有鳞的在基部。

Trees, evergreen, up to 15 m tall; branches with 1 prophyll, young shoots and petioles stellately tomentose or with sessile peltate scales; buds perulate.

乔木，常绿，可达15米高； 1先出叶的分枝具，幼枝和叶柄被绒毛或具无梗盾状鳞；芽具鳞片。

Leaves large; leaf blade leathery; abaxial surface whitish papillose or glaucous, scales 0.5–2 × their own diameter apart or sometimes contiguous, saucer-shaped or vesicular, deeply sunk in pits, golden yellow to brown or dark brown; adaxial surface glabrous or scaly, sometimes setose on midrib and veins.

叶大； 叶片革质背面带白色具小乳突或有白霜，鳞片相距为其直径的0.5-2倍或有时邻接，茶托状或囊状的，深深下沉具洼点，金黄色到棕色或暗褐色；在中脉和脉上无毛或者有鳞，有时具刚毛的正面。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。