具象主义

Some people doubt if abstraction or figurativeness that arose after the conceptualism are still the self-dependant opposing concepts. Based on this, they have questioned that modern abstractionism is an obsolete belief.

有人质疑在观念主义之后，抽象或具象是否还能够作为自足的、对立的概念，那么当代抽象主义已是一种过时的信仰？

American Pop was born in the 1960s, with the emergence of international masters like Andy Warhol, James Rosenquist and Roy Lichtenstein. Andy Warhol has had a tremendous influence on the development of Chinese art. Performance art emerged in the 1970s as well as Nam June Paik's video art and Christo and Jeanne-Claude's installation art. Sigmar Polke and Gerhard Richter were among the leaders of the Post Modern movement, which also flourished in the 1970s. Among them, Richter has had the most significant impact on Chinese art. New Expressionism emerged in the United States during the 1980s with artists such as Keith Haring, installation artist Ann Hamilton, and Cindy Sherman whose work is somewhat derived from New Expressionism.

进入50年代又出现了格林伯格画派、形式主义绘画，以及具象复活等等。50年代后期出现了新现实主义画派，以及为心灵而创作的博伊斯。60年代美国波普艺术诞生，出现了安迪·沃霍、罗森奎斯特、利希滕斯坦这样的世界级大师人物，其中安迪·沃霍对中国的影响最大。70年代出现身体艺术、行为艺术、白南准的电子艺术、克里斯托和珍妮—克劳德的包裹艺术，以及以波尔克、里希特、巴尔德萨利的后现代主义，其中里希特在中国影响巨大。80年代出现了美国新表现主义如基斯·哈林，装置如汉密尔顿，以及辛迪·舍曼的挪用。

Conversing is one effective way to solve the problems of theory of instruction .

普遍主义&是一个时代教学理论研究的&具象&，它框定了教学理论研究的思维方式。&

Then we should re-explain art.

文章把现代主义艺术的抽象化进程作为第一部分：印象主义的崛起，后印象主义，现代主义的发展，这是一个艺术逐渐抽象的过程；杜尚以后的艺术作为第二部分：杜尚与达达主义，超现实主义，装置与新达达主义，波普艺术，从极少艺术到观念艺术，新具象艺术，这是一个以具象形式对抽象主义的反拨。

In 2003, Huang moved his workstation to Beijing. This is a timely move. He describes this state as "Huang Mingche in Beijing". I did not have the chance to hold an indepth discussion with him when he first started working on his abstract art, but I do believe that his work at that time was influenced by American abstract art maestro William De Kooning (1904-1997). That was an important transformation from concrete to abstract art.

2003年黄铭哲把绘画的基地转移到北京，这是一个与时俱进的举动，他本人也把这种状态叫做&黄铭哲人在北京&。80年代黄铭哲开始从事抽象绘画，我没有和他做过详细的交流，但是我确信，他那时期的作品一定受到美国抽象主义大师德库宁(William De Kooning，1904-1997)的影响，那是一次从具象绘画到抽象绘画的重要变革。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。