具芒的

This is a distinctive species, clearly differing from others in China by its tough, inrolled leaf blades and awned upper glume.

这是一特别的种，明显通过它的坚韧，内卷的叶片和具芒的上面颖片在中国不同于其它人。

Spikelets with 1 floret (very rarely 2), rachilla disarticulating above glumes, with penicillate extension lying against the palea; glumes subequal, usually slightly longer than the floret, rarely slightly shorter, membranous, 1–3-veined, apex acute or acuminate; floret callus bearded, hairs usually 1/3 as long up to about equaling floret; lemma thinly to firmly membranous,(3–)5-veined, dorsally awned or awnless, apex erose, denticulate or 2–4-toothed; awn geniculate or straight, its position varying from near base to near apex, usually inconspicuous, up to twice length of lemma but occasionally reduced to a subapical mucro or absent; palea 2/3 as long to subequaling lemma.

小穗具1小花(极少2)，高于颖片，具具毛撮的扩展对内稃躺脱节的小穗轴；通常，近等长的颖片稍长于那些小花，很少稍短，膜质，脉，先端锐尖或渐尖；作为长的可达的通常的公然反对的小花结茧，头发1/3大约等于小花；稀疏外稃到坚定膜，(3-)5－脉，背具芒或者啮蚀状的顶，或者2-4齿状的具小齿，awnless；芒膝曲或者直，作为近相等外稃的长时期的内稃2/3。

Anthers yellow, linear, equivalved; connective appendages aristate or filiform.

花药黄，线形，；药隔附属物具芒的或丝状。

Panicle spikelike, dense, linear to ovate or oblong in outline, lower part sometimes interrupted, 1.5–11 cm; branches short, appressed, pubescent to tomentose. Spikelets 4–9 mm, florets 2(or 3); rachilla hairs 1–1.5 mm; glumes subequal or slightly unequal, lower glume 4–8 mm, upper glume 5–9 mm, apex acuminate, occasionally briefly aristulate; lemmas lanceolate, 4–7 mm, scaberulous to pubescent, awned from upper 1/4–1/3, apex usually 2-denticulate, teeth often mucronate, occasionally subentire; awn 2–7 mm, weakly geniculate with loosely twisted column, or recurved at base, or almost straight; palea keels scaberulous.

小穗4-9毫米，小花2；小穗轴头发1-1.5毫米；颖片近等长或稍不等长，下部颖片4-8毫米，上面颖片5-9毫米，先端渐尖，偶有短暂具小芒；披针形的外稃，4-7毫米，对短柔毛来说微糙，从上面1/4-1/3，先端通常2具小齿，短尖，偶有近全缘的齿通常具芒；芒2-7毫米，用松弛缠绕的柱子，或下弯在基部身体虚弱膝曲，或者几乎直；内稃龙骨微糙。

The chief difference is the broad, subapically awned upper glume.

主要的差别是宽阔的部分，近顶端具芒的上面颖片。

Annual (or short-lived perennial); young leaf blades rolled; lemmas awned or awnless

一年生草本的；年轻的叶片滚；外稃具芒的或awnless 4

Spikelets all alike, somewhat laterally compressed, with 1 to several fertile florets; rachilla usually disarticulating below each floret, occasionally strictly 3 florets with lower 2 staminate or barren and of different appearance from upper fertile floret, then disarticulating above glumes and florets falling together; glumes persistent, often equal to spikelet or at least longer than first floret, commonly membranous with broad, shining, hyaline margins; floret callus bearded; lemmas hyaline to leathery, 3- to several-veined ( Coleanthus 1-veined), apex entire or denticulate, awned from back, rarely awnless; awn usually geniculate with twisted column; palea hyaline, subequaling or much shorter than lemma.

全部一样的小穗，有点侧面压扁，具1到数个能育的小花；脱节的通常小穗轴在下面每小花，偶尔严格加雄蕊或者无意义的更低的2的3小花和上面肥沃小花的不同外表，然后脱节的上述颖片和小花结合起来；宿存的颖片，等于小穗或长于前小花，宽的膜质具，发亮，透明边缘的通常的至少的通常；公然反对的小花结茧；透明的外稃到革质，3-到数枚脉(Coleanthus 1脉)，先端全缘或具小齿，从背面，很少awnless那里具芒；用盘旋的柱子通常膝曲的芒；透明的内稃，近相等或者远短于外稃。

Spikelets with 1 floret; rachilla disarticulating above glumes, extension beyond floret absent or small and glabrous, rarely better developed and penicillate; glumes persistent, subequal or unequal with lower longer, narrowly lanceolate, much exceeding floret, lower glume 1-veined, upper glume 3-veined at base, apex finely acuminate or subulate; floret callus conspicuously bearded, hairs much exceeding floret; lemma ca. 1/2 as long as glumes, hyaline, 3–5-veined, awned, apex erose, denticulate or deeply 2-lobed; awn very slender, straight or almost so, arising from lemma back, apex or between teeth; palea 1/2 as long to slightly shorter than lemma.

小穗具1小花；在缺席或者小和无毛小花以外高于颖片脱节的小穗轴，扩展，很少很好地发展，具毛撮；颖片宿存，近等长或不等长用低长时间，狭披针形，很多超过小花，小花结茧显著公然反对，头发很多超过小花；外稃大约1/2的倍于颖片，透明，3-5－脉，具芒，啮蚀状的顶，或者深深2裂的具小齿；返回的芒非常细长，直的或几乎如此，生于外稃，或者在牙齿之间的顶；作为稍短于外稃的长时期的内稃1/2。

Racemes (4–)10–40(–100),(8–)10–30 cm; rachis internodes glabrous, scaberulous or smooth, nodes glabrous; lower pedicel 0.5–1.5 mm, upper pedicel 1.5–4 mm. Spikelets 4–6.5 mm, pilose or glabrous, awned; callus hairs 5–8 mm, exceeding the spikelet; glumes subequal, membranous, 4–6.5 mm, 5-veined, back glabrous or pilose, puberulous at apex and along upper margins, apex acuminate; lower lemma lanceolate, hyaline, 3.5–4 mm, veinless, apex and margins puberulous, otherwise glabrous; upper lemma similar to lower, 2.5–3.5 mm; awn geniculate, 4–12 mm; upper palea a 1–2 mm scale.

总状花序(4-)10-40(-100)，(8-)10-30厘米；轴节间的无毛，微糙的或平滑，节点无毛；更低的花梗0.5-1.5毫米，上面花梗1.5-4毫米小穗4-6.5毫米，具柔毛或无毛，具芒；胼胝体毛5-8毫米，超过小穗；颖片近等长，膜质，毫米，5－脉，背无毛或具柔毛，被微柔毛在先端和沿着上面边缘，先端渐尖；披针形，透明的下部外稃，3.5-4毫米，无脉，被微柔毛的先端和边缘，或无毛；类似于上面外稃降低，2.5-3.5毫米；膝曲的芒，4-12毫米；上面内稃一1-2毫米鳞片。

Spikelets 5–6.5 mm, green tinged purple; glumes glabrous or rarely setose, scaberulous along veins; lower glume 4.5–5.5 mm, 3 (–5)-veined; upper glume 5-veined; lower floret staminate or barren, shorter than glumes or equaling lower glume; upper floret 2.5–3 mm, lemma apex awned, awn flanked by 2 slender erect bristles; bristles mostly 1–2.5 mm; awn geniculate with brown twisted column, 6–10 mm; callus hairs 1/4–1/3 length of lemma.

微染的小穗5-6.5毫米，绿色紫色；颖片无毛的或很少具刚毛，微糙的沿脉；更低的颖片4.5-5.5毫米，3(-5)脉；上面颖片5脉；无意义的下部小花雄蕊花或，短于颖片或等长下部的颖片； 2纤细的直立刚毛从侧面包围的上面小花2.5-3毫米，外稃先端具芒，芒；多数的刚毛1-2.5毫米；用棕色的盘旋的柱子，6-10毫米膝曲的芒；胼胝体毛1/4-1/3段外稃。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。