具体地

Based on the higher mathematics method proved inequalities are summarized, and the proposed using the function extreme value and the monotonicity and concave and convex function sex, and mean value theorem, Taylor formula, integral these common higher mathematics method, combining with concrete examples of each kind of method to solve the problems for type, and the key problem of the specific steps, and points out that the inequality proof of higher mathematics method used properly, improve the difficult easy to ability to solve problems.

本文对不等式证明中的高等数学方法作了归纳总结，提出了利用函数的单调性，极值与最值，函数凹凸性，中值定理，泰勒公式，积分这些常用的高等数学方法，并结合具体实例阐述了每一种方法的适用类型、解决问题的关键和证明问题的具体步骤，指出在不等式证明中恰当地运用高等数学方法可以化难为易，提高解题能力。

In addition we establish a new moving coordinate system in the neighborhood of the wave front and obtain a revised eikonal equation describing the curvature effect of waves in the usual orthogonal coordinate system.

由此我们获得了二维和三维情形下靶型波的具体形式。对三维涡卷波和V-形波，我们也给出了它们的具体形式。在第四章，我们应用摄动方法，较简捷地获得了组织中心沿径向和轴向的运动规律。

When the situation occurs that the assets of the party subject to enforcement could not satisfy the financial claims of all debtee , in order to better protect the benefits of other detee , we should further perfect the system of participation in allotment in our country .

在被执行人的财产不能满足所有债权人债权的情况下，为更好地保护其他债权人的利益，我国应当进一部完善参与分配制度，具体做到：确立相对合理的参与分配原则；扩大申请参与分配的主体；明确参与分配的前提条件；明确申请参与分配的时间；明确参与分配的具体程序；建立和完善的分配救济手段。

The main research contents and results are given as follows:(1) Principles and characteristics of different types of polarization controllers are analyzed, the compare of the difference of these polarization controllers are discussed based on them, drawn a conclusion that the polarization controller which based on squeezing fiber and has variable delay quantity are suitable for high speed optical communication system.(2) The reset principle of the typical four channel polarization controller which is based on squeezing fiber is analyzed, and the design of its concrete reset scheme is given based on them. The reset process and the corresponding operation list are given in detail.(3) The systematical experiment is made when the typical four channel polarization controller is put into the PMD compensator. The experiment result showed that the channel which needs reset can efficiently return to the mean place, and the effect of reset was good, it didn't cause any badness infection on PMD compensation.(4) A new type optical signal time-domain depolarizer is given, and a new PMD compensate method is given based on it.

由此得出延迟量可变型光纤挤压型偏振控制器适用于高速光通信系统的结论；(2)具体分析了典型的四通道光纤挤压型偏振控制器的复位原理，并在此基础上对其进行了具体复位方案的设计，给出了各种情况下的详细复位流程和相应的复位操作列表；(3)将四通道光纤挤压型偏振控制器应用于偏振模色散补偿器中进行系统实验，实验结果表明，需要复位的通道能有效地回到中间值，复位效果良好，且复位未对PMD补偿产生不良影响；(4)设计了一种新型的光信号时域退偏器，并基于该退偏器提出了一种新型的偏振模色散补偿方法。

The dissertation is to study the system, characteristics, inner and outer condition; to firstly disjoin four phases that are gestation period (1840 ~ 1894), formation period (1894 ~ 1902), new politics runtime (1902~1911), the early Republic runtime (1912~1919); to establish a academic and actual analytical frame for the neoteric moral transformation; to make the concrete characters of every phase clear; to probe the deep-seated reasons of the incomplete transformation.

通过批判性的反思意识，具体考察了中国传统德育的体系构成、特点以及转型的内、外历史条件，首次创造性地划分了德育转型的酝酿期（1840～1894）、形成期（1894～1902）、"新政"运作期（1902～1911）和民初运作期（1912～1919）四个时期，确立了德育近代转型的理论和实践分析框架，厘清了每个阶段观念转型、运作转型的具体表现形态，剖析了近代德育不完全转型的深层次原因。

We firstly discuss minimal sets characterizations of closed-set lattice , then systematically study the categorical properties of categories CL and PairCL by the means of the join-semilattices closed-set-latticefies, and the constructions of monomorphism, epimor-phism, extremal monomorphism, extremal epimorphism, section, retraction, subob-ject, quotient object, product, co-product, equalizer, coequalizer, inverse limits and direct limits in the categories CL and PairCL are given.

首先讨论了闭集格的极小集刻划，然后通过并半格的闭集格化这种方法，较为系统地研究了范畴CL及范畴PairCL的性质，给出了范畴CL和范畴PairCL的单态射、满态射、极端单态射、极端满态射、截节、收缩、子对象、商对象、极端子对象、极端商对象等特殊态射和特殊对象的具体刻划，并且研究了它们的等化子和余等化子、乘积和余积、逆极限和定向极限的具体构造。

We firstly discuss minimal sets characterizations of closed-set lattice , then systematically study the categorical properties of categories CL and PairCL by the means of the join-semilattice's closed-set-latticefies, and the constructions of monomorphism, epimor-phism, extremal monomorphism, extremal epimorphism, section, retraction, subob-ject, quotient object, product, co-product, equalizer, coequalizer, inverse limits and direct limits in the categories CL and PairCL are given.

首先讨论了闭集格的极小集刻划，然后通过并半格的闭集格化这种方法，较为系统地研究了范畴CL及范畴PairCL的性质，给出了范畴CL和范畴PairCL的单态射、满态射、极端单态射、极端满态射、截节、收缩、子对象、商对象、极端子对象、极端商对象等特殊态射和特殊对象的具体刻划，并且研究了它们的等化子和余等化子、乘积和余积、逆极限和定向极限的具体构造。

However, learning from previous scholars, we can find the deficiency: they usually attributed the reasons of regional economic growth and the disparity to certain factors such as investment, human resources and location etc, and regarded "institution"as exogenous variable when they analyzed the issues concretely.

但是从前人的研究中，我们可以发现他们在分析地区经济增长及所出现的差距时，更多地是将其归因于某种具体的因素，如投资、人力资本、地理位置等的不同，而且在进行具体的理论与实践相结合时，都是将制度作为外生变量来对待，从而使其结论难免有失偏颇。

The work-center-based production management model divides production into five sub-modules: production structure, production capacity, production time, production process and production cost. It reflects the concrete production process of the manufacturing companies in a succinct and intuitionist way.

基于工作中心的生产管理模型将生产分为产品结构、生产能力、生产时间、生产过程及生产成本五个具体子模块，简洁、直观地反映了制造企业的具体生产过程。

It likes as follows: firstly, WANG Guo-wei's Jing-Jie theory is virtually originated from Nietzschean tragedy theory and Schopenhauerian intuition theory; and it completely bases upon western philosophies and aesthetics, and practices and extends them.

其具体体现主要有两点：一，王国维的境界理论从实质上来讲更多地来源于尼采的悲剧理论和叔本华的直观理论；二，王国维的境界理论完全立足在西方哲学、美学的基础之上，是西方哲学、美学思想的一种具体运用与展开。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。