具体地

The Frechet derivative of the cost function is determined via the solution of an adjoint partial differential equation, and the boundary shape is then modified in a direction of descent. This process is repeated until an optimum solution is approached. The advantage is that the cost function variation is independent of the flow field variation, with the result that the gradient of cost function with respect to arbitrary number of design variables can be determined without the need for additional flow-field evaluations. So each design cycle requires the numerical solution of both the flow and the adjoint equations leading to a computational cost roughly equal to the cost of two flow solutions.

虽然他们的研究成果大多数都可以在公开性文献上看到，但是其中一些具体的细节问题的处理方法却没有透露，比如：伴随方程如何离散求解才能减小最终梯度计算中的误差，使得设计过程有效地进行；伴随方程与流动方程的边界条件是不同的，如何合理地处理伴随方程的边界条件，才能推动设计过程朝着设计目标而发展；在减阻问题中目标函数如何定义，求解梯度的具体数学公式如何推导，如何通过数值方法来实现它们等。

This paper (from 4-6) analyzes the fundamental theories and the civil characteristics of analogical reasoning, restrictive /extensive interpretation of purposiveness and legal fiction in details, simultaneously, it analyzes the multiple framework of compensating for legal loopholes with civil norms in the process of all kinds of concrete methods of the loophole-filling by examples, more importantly, under the multiple framework\'s guidance, it tries its best to construct the process of compensating for legal loopholes with civil norms in the process of all kinds of concrete methods of the loophole -filling.

上述三个方面，特别是第二、三个方面共同构成了论文分述具体漏洞补充方法与民间规范关联性的理论基础。论文详细地分析了类推适用、目的性限缩、目的性扩张和法律拟制等具体漏洞补充方法的基本理论问题、民间法性和在各种具体漏洞补充方法中以各种类型的民间规范填补法律漏洞的法社会学——规范实证的复合分析过程。更为重要的是，以上述复合的分析框架为指导，在判例阅读基础上，本文力图建构出这一过程具体的、真实的面向来。

The General rules for the labelling of prepackaged foods "and" labelingofprepack the labeling of foods for special dietary uses lawk "in addition to the requirements of prepackaged foods bag must indicate whether the food ingredient lists, name, net, and drain matter content and content, manufacturer's name and address, production date, pasteurizd, product standards, and other items, also specifies specific marking methods, such as, the production of prepackaged foods should be clearly labeled in such a substance's specific site, the date shall be additionally nongraphite 加贴, printing or tampered with; prominent location on food labelling, clearly reflect a true food labels, moreover, the private property; on the use of preservatives in food, discharged the name " and specific provisions of the code for importing food labels to use foreign languages at the same time, you must have a close and character, and foreign language cannot be greater than the corresponding Chinese characters; all ingredients are water, no matter how much you must label, special nutritional food must mark special components and so on.

预包装食品标签通则》和《预包装特殊膳食用食品标签通则》除要求预包装食品袋上必须标明食品名称、配料清单、净含量和沥干物含量，制造者的名称和地址、生产日期、保质期、产品标准号等项目外，还规定了具体的标注方法，如，预包装食品的生产日期，应明显地标示在包装物的具体部位，日期标示不得另外加贴、补印或篡改；食品标签的醒目位置，清晰地标示反映食品真实属性的专用名称；对使用防腐剂的食品，要明确标出&具体名称&和规定代码；对于进口食品，食品标签中若同时使用外文，必须与汉字有严密的对应关系，且外文不得大于相应的汉字；所有配料甚至包括水，不论量的多少必须标注，特殊营养食品必须标注特殊成分含量等等。

Through the authorized strength of construction organization design, can consider all-sidedly the various specific execution conditions that will build project , foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses land will decide reasonable the programme of construction, determine construction order, construction method and labour organization, reasonably comprehensive arrangement will be under construction surely progress plan; To build the design scheme of project the reasonability on economy, the scientificness on technology with in enforcement the possibility on project expounds and proves offer basis; To build the unit planned and construction enterprise construction working plan and enforcement of authorized strength of capital construction of authorized strength to be under construction prepare to work to plan offer basis; Can will build construction and the design of project;, the construction organization work of technology and all construction arrangements of economy, front and rear and construction enterprise and specific project more combine closely; Can the construction unit and cooperation unit, department and department that directly attends , stage and stage and course - the relation between course coordinate better.

通过施工组织设计的编制，可以全面考虑拟建工程的各种具体施工条件，扬长避短地拟定合理的施工方案，确定施工顺序、施工方法和劳动组织，合理地统筹安排拟定施工进度计划；为拟建工程的设计方案在经济上的合理性，在技术上的科学性和在实施工程上的可能性进行论证提供依据；为建设单位编制基本建设计划和施工企业编制施工工作计划及实施施工准备工作计划提供依据；可以把拟建工程的设计与施工；、技术与经济、前方与后方和施工企业的全部施工安排与具体工程的施工组织工作更紧密地结合起来；可以把直接参加的施工单位与协作单位、部门与部门、阶段与阶段、过程-与过程之间的关系更好地协调起来。

Transcription factors can control the transcription of their target genes when they bind to the DNA-binding sites on their promotors. They can transfer the messages of growth factors and so on to those effective molecules. Core binding factor al is such a kind of transcription factor, which can control the differentiation of osteoblasts peculiarly. They can induce the pro-osteoblasts or non-osteoblasts to synthesize and secrete most mineralize related proteins such as ALP, OC, OPN, BSP and so on, in order to differentiate to osteoblasts finally.

转录因子是一类可以通过与下游靶DNA结合，从而调控下游基因转录的分子，它们接受来自生长因子等方面的信号，再将这些指令具体地传递给直接执行功能的蛋白分子。cbfal是一种成骨分化特异性转录因子，可以诱导成骨前体细胞合成和分泌ALP、OC、OPN、BSP等矿化相关蛋白，向成骨细胞分化。

To be specific, I do system analysis, trouble shooting and provide software support.

具体地説，我做系统分析，解决问题以及软件供应方面的支持。

The influeces of cultural force upon economic development are concretely manifested in the roles it plays in such three facets as property rights system,organization system and operation system during the process of resources distributing and alloc...

文化因素对经济发展的影响，主要是通过文化力对资源配置中财产权力制度、技术组织制度和运行机制三个层面的影响而得以具体地展现的。

The present invention relates to transceivers, and more particularly to controlling a transceiver to improve performance of a radio.

本发明涉及收发信机，更具体地涉及控制收发信机以提升无线电的性能。

For example, on the Trobriand Islands off eastern New Guinea, the word "wood" might be used either to refer to the solid substance of a tree as its English equivalent suggests, or more specifically, to designate a canoe, which served as a useful means of transportation to these islanders and therefore played an important role in the daily life of this speech community .

例如，在新几内亚东海岸的 Trobriand 岛，& wood &这个词不但既有英语中相当的用法，即指树的坚固的物质成分，也可以更具体地指独木舟。独木舟是这些岛上居民的一种重要交通工具，在这个言语社会的日常生活中有着十分重要的作用。

The thesis analyzes from various aspects the modernist loneliness embodied in her work, including first the definition of modernist loneliness, stating the difference of modernist loneliness from the traditional loneliness and delineating the connotation, the causes, the solution and the extent of modernist loneliness, which changes dramatically in modern society. Then the thesis analyzes in detail how McCullers'two novels present in their own manners the typical modernist loneliness, with a comparison of the common features in both novels, aiming at reaching a deeper understanding of the similar thematic concern of both novels. Another significant part of the thesis is the deep-going analysis of the reasons for modern loneliness in McCullers'works.

本文从多方面深入分析了她作品中的蕴涵的现代主义孤独，其中包括：定义什么是现代主义的孤独，它与传统概念中的孤独有何区别：包括孤独的内涵，孤独的起因，孤独的解救，及孤独的范围等方面在现代社会中产生的变化；并在此基础上分析了麦卡勒斯的两部代表作品如何具体地表现了现代主义孤独感，并对两部作品中对孤独的表现方式进行了深入归纳分析，试图以这两个文本为案例，剖析麦卡勒斯作品中的现代主义主题，进而探讨现代主义的孤独产生的原因和背景，揭示现代主义的孤独与传统孤独之间的差异。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。