其果实

The results showed as follow:①Chinese astringent persimmon were climacteric respiration fruit, the respiration climacteric stage occurred at speediness softening stage. Ethylene climacteric stage and respiration climacteric stage were almost occurred at one time.②The activities of EXP, PG, PE, CX all had increased, and EXP increased early with PG, PE, CX in turn in persimmon fruit during ripening and softening.③Concomitancy to fruit softening, ultrastructural changes in the mesocarp tissue were occurred at speediness softening stage, showed as disaggregation of middle layer of cell wall, appearance of fibre-like structures, disorganization of chloroplast and distortion of some mitochondria.

研究结果显示：①中国涩柿属呼吸跃变型果实，在其快速软化期出现呼吸跃变；乙烯跃变与呼吸跃变几乎同期出现；②在成熟软化过程中，EXP、PG、PE、CX的活性均有上升，EXP活性上升最早，随后依次是PG和PE、CX；PG活性上升幅度最大；③伴随果实软化，果肉组织超微结构在快速软化期中胶层解体、丝状体出现，叶绿体解体、部分线粒体变形；④1-MCP可延缓柿果实硬度下降，常温下延长保硬期5-7天。

The results showed that better ability of producation in the parthenocarpy line D-11 was observed without pollination. Its fruit weight, vertical and horizontal size were close to the fruit with pollination, and the fruit growth was faster than S8 line's.

结果表明：D-11品系在不授粉的情况下，仍具有较好的结实性能，其单果重和果实纵横径均接近于授粉后生长的果实，且比S8品系果实增重快、果重大。

The result of RT-PCR showed that MuMADS1 just expressed in the flower and fruit but not in the root、 stem and leaf.

根据其表达量的变化，推测MuMADS1可能除了花的发育起作用外，在果实发育的早期与果实的发育相关，而在果实发育的晚期与成熟相关。

In order to quantify the effects of radiation and temperature on greenhouse sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L.

通过不同品种、不同生态地点的温室播期试验，定量分析辐射和温度对甜椒干物质分配和果实采收指数的影响，以及果实干物质量增长和鲜质量增长的关系，建立以辐热积为预测指标的甜椒干物质分配模型，并将其与光合作用驱动的干物质生产模型以及果实干物质量增长和鲜质量增长的定量关系相结合，建立温室甜椒生长动态与产量预测模型。

The experiment indicated that 1-MCP had significantly reduced Gala apple fruit respiration rate,delayed the climacteric,and inhibited fruit softening.1-MCP treatment significantly decreased starch degradation,inhibited the catabolism of fruit cell wall,delaying pectin transformation from insoluble to soluble.

结果表明，常温下，1-MCP可极显著地抑制嘎拉苹果果实的呼吸强度，推迟果实呼吸跃变期，而且很好地保持了果实原有硬度；对果实相关成分的分析表明，1-MCP显著地抑制了淀粉转化、降低细胞壁物质的降解速率，延缓了不溶性果胶向水溶性果胶转化，使其极显著地低于对照。

The main results were as follows:'Brumal jujube' with higher respiration rate, which decreased slightly after harvest, and lower ethylene production, which had not the appearance of respiration and ethylene production peak, ethephon with different concentrations all increased respiration rate and the respiration rate increased with the raise of concentration ,which suggested 'brumal jujube ' was respiratory non-climactic fruits.

结果如下：冬枣采后果实呼吸强度高并呈平缓下降趋势，而乙烯释放量较低无明显高峰出现；不同浓度的乙烯利处理增加了果实呼吸强度，处理浓度越大，果实呼吸速率越高，说明冬枣为非跃变型果实；1000μL.L~(-1)乙烯利和100mg.L~(-1)ABA处理可显著提高绿熟冬枣采后的呼吸强度，两者无明显差异，但乙烯利处理显著增加了乙烯释放量、ACC含量和ACO活性，其作用比ABA明显；GA处理抑制了果实呼吸强度和乙烯释放量的增加。

Analysis of nutritional components in pear fruits of different varieties showed that fructose, glucose and sucrose were predominant sugar in pear fruits, the content of which ranged from 3.40% to 9.24%, 0.21% to 2.72%, 0.10% to 1.69%, respectively; Content of titrable acid was the highest in Bayuehong Pear(0.286%) and lowest in Atago(0.078%); Content of Vitamin C was the highest in Beurre Bosc (9.50 mg/100g) and lowest in Lubaoshi Pear(1.89mg/100g); Content of protein ranged from 127 to 428 mg/100g, content of free amino acid ranged from 24.8 to 77.4 mg/100g; Contents of the same mineral element of different pear varieties were different.

不同梨品种果实营养成分含量的分析结果表明：果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖是梨果实中的主要糖类，品种间三种糖的含量有较大差异，所测品种果实中三种糖的含量范围分别为：3.40%～9.24%、0.21%～2.72%、0.10%～1.69%；可滴定酸的含量以八月红最高(0.286%)，爱宕最低(0.078%)；维生素C的含量以博斯克最高(9.50 mg/100g)，绿宝石最低(1.89mg/100g)；不同品种间可溶性蛋白和氨基酸的含量差异较大，其含量范围分别为127～428mg/100g和77.4～24.8 mg/100g；不同品种间同一矿质元素的含量存在较大差异。

The results indicated that 1-MCP treatment made fruit remain high quality and good flavor during storage by delaying the loss of firmness ,and maintain relatively high total soluble solids and titratable acid content.

结果表明：1 MCP处理可以明显延缓果实硬度的下降，维持果实较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量，从而较好地保持果实在贮藏期间的品质和风味；1 MCP处理可以明显抑制梨病害的发生，保持较高的好果率，并可降低果实丙二醛含量，延缓其衰老。

Golden pear could keep high quality over 100 days if stored at 5 centigrade, because the low temperature had influenced it in many aspects:(1) Made weight loss ratio lower than normal, and no fruit rot appeared;(2) Keep high fruit firmness all through the storage;(3) Respiratory climacteric came forth later than that which stored at room temperature, and the peak was lower than normal;(4) Activity of LOX and PG were inhibited, so the process of fruit senescence was delayed effectively.

7.5℃低温贮藏可以使黄金梨果实贮藏期延长至100天以上，并长期保持其优良商品特性，主要在以下几方面对果实产生影响：(1)降低黄金梨果实的失水率、防止烂果的发生；(2)延缓果实硬度下降的进程；(3)延迟果实呼吸峰的到来，并使峰值降低；(4)有效抑制黄金梨果实中LOX、PG的活性，从而延缓果实的衰老过程。

MCP could effectively delay the softening of climacteric fruit, such as Starking and Fuji apples and Feicheng peach, but as different fruits had different softening mechanism, the mechanism of 1-MCP inhibiting different fruit softening was different: in Starking apples, the key enzyme to the softening is endo-and exo-PG, while during Feicheng peach fruit softening, the key enzyme was EGase before the 20th d and endo-PG after 20th d during storage at 0℃. 1-MCP inhibited fruit softening mainly by inhibiting PG activity in Starking apple while in Feicheng peach, by inhibiting the activity of EGase in the earlier storage time and endo-PG in the latter time. It was also found that LOX accelerated the initiation of the softening and was regulated by ethylene and 1-MCP in apple and peach.

2.1-MCP能较好的延缓红星、富士和肥城桃等跃变型果实硬度的下降，但是不同品种/树种的果实软化机理不同，1-MCP抑制其软化的机理也不一致：在红星果实中，对软化起主要作用的酶一直为内切和外切两种PG，而在肥城桃软化过程中，前20d以纤维素酶活性起主要作用，20d后软化以内切PG为主。1-MCP主要通过抑制红星果实中PG酶活性来抑制果实硬度的下降；在肥城桃果实中，1-MCP通过抑制前期纤维素酶和后期内切PG活性，延缓了果实硬度的下降。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。