其主义

In so far asits fundamental philosophical position,this dissertation op-poses four tendencies or'-ism':(1)scientism;(2)human-ism;(3)the mechanistic understanding of and dogmatical at-titudes towards Marxism,especially historical materialism;and(4)cultural determinism or culturologism.

就其基本的哲学立场而言，它反对四种倾向或"主义"：（1）唯科学主义；（2）人本主义哲学；（3）对马克思主义、特别是历史唯物主义的机械论的理解和教条主义的态度；（4）文化决定论或文化主义。

After defining the feminine literary criticism from " Female Angle of View ", this paper gives the general description of the practice of Chinese literary criticism since 1900's as well as the analysis of individual characteristics, with the purposes of showing the spirit of creativity and vigorousness in it and giving a summarization of the deficiency in practicing. And all the work is done from three aspects:(1) Reconstruction and construction concentrating on the traditional literary criticism: that is to critique the masculinism in the traditional culture, to get the knowledge of the male writer's gender discrimination, and to find the source of feminine literature by the way of resistance-like reading.

本文从"女性视角"界定了女性主义文学批评的内涵，对20世纪以来中国女性主义文学批评实践，采用总体描述和个体研究特征分析相结合的方式，以彰显女性主义文学批评的学术创新活力、总结其实践中存在的不足为宗旨，从三个方面进行梳理整合：解构与建构，对传统文化的批判：批判传统文化话语中的男性中心主义，解读男性作家的性别歧视，运用抗拒式的阅读方式寻找女性主义文学传统。

However, Post-Modernism itself hasn't combined form and perfectly. Ultimately, it is resulted from natural defect caused by garbling and compromise. The style turns into "Decoratedshed" which faded away in 90th. However, I believe that Post-Modernism is comparatively acceptable in boundary science such as relationship among architecture, human beings and nature, and also on the topic of urban development.

但后现代主义自身也并未真正解决形式与功能的所谓完美结合，究其根本，我认为是在于其形式感上的断章取义和不得已的折衷理论所造成的天生缺陷，其风格变成了&一张装饰的皮&（Decoratedshed《历史主义不是一种类型》波菲罗斯）因此在90年代终于衰退，但是我觉得后现代主义在一些边缘科学如建筑、人、自然的关系、城市文脉等议题上的研究是相当可取的。

After defining the feminine literary criticism from " Female Angle of View ", this paper gives the general description of the practice of Chinese literary criticism since 1900's as well as the analysis of individual characteristics, with the purposes of showing the spirit of creativity and vigorousness in it and giving a summarization of the deficiency in practicing. And all the work is done from three aspects:(1) Reconstruction and construction concentrating on the traditional literary criticism: that is to critique the masculinism in the traditional culture, to get the knowledge of the male writer's gender discrimination, and to find the source of feminine literature by the way of resistance-like reading.

本文从&女性视角&界定了女性主义文学批评的内涵，对20世纪以来中国女性主义文学批评实践，采用总体描述和个体研究特征分析相结合的方式，以彰显女性主义文学批评的学术创新活力、总结其实践中存在的不足为宗旨，从三个方面进行梳理整合：解构与建构，对传统文化的批判：批判传统文化话语中的男性中心主义，解读男性作家的性别歧视，运用抗拒式的阅读方式寻找女性主义文学传统。

We have to stick to Marxist dialectical negation and historical materialism, thus sublate pragmatism, we should by no means totally negate it nor we can. We need to discard the dross and select the essence, taking it as a means to enrich and develop Maxist theory of truth.

我们必须坚持马克思主义哲学辩证否定观和唯物史观，对其采取扬弃的态度，不能全盘肯定，亦不应全盘否定，剔除其糟粕，吸取其精华，作为丰富和发展马克思主义真理学说的养料。

He could have such influence because:first,there are serious problems in the theory and practice of international communist movement;second,it has something to do with his way of criticizing-to use the apparently pure scientific way in pure academic criticism;third,the focus of his criticism,which targeted at Marxist materialist historical view,was mainly the 17th-18th century historicism,especially the dogmatic,vulgarized and distorted Marxist social historical theory;last but not the least,Marxist materialist historicism is the dialect logical results drawn from practice while Popper chiefly used formal logic and scientific way,the more easily understandable and acceptable way,in his criticism.

究其缘故起因，我以为这首先与国际共产主义行为的理论与实践本身存在主要题目有关；其次与他批驳的特点有关用貌似纯科学的要领作纯学术的批驳；三是其批驳锋芒所指虽然也包孕马克思主义的唯物史不美观，但主若是指17—18世纪历史抉择论，出格是指被教条化、俗气化和误解了的马克思主义的社会历史理论；更深层的缘故起因是，马克思主义的历史抉择论是在实践中运用辩证逻辑概括出来的，而波普尔的批驳首要运用的是情势逻辑和自然科学的要领，这样的逻辑和要领是人们凡是对照轻易理解？理睬和接管的要领。

This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents' energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism.

這一遗憾体现在两个方面：到1832年，女权主义已经成为圣一西门学说的焦点，并完全吸引了其追随者的全部精力，因此，欧洲史学家忽略了其女权主义内容，便误解了圣一西门主义。

This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents' energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism.

这一遗憾体现在两个方面：到1832年，女权主义已经成为圣一西门学说的焦点，并完全吸引了其追随者的全部精力，因此，欧洲史学家忽略了其女权主义内容，便误解了圣一西门主义。

COMMUNIST MANIFESTO is a great milestone in the history of mankind, with theories of "two inevitabilities" as its crucial theme. It provides the general principles for all the mature works of Marx and Engels, and the key to understanding Marxism. It also sheds light on how we should treat Marxism. The fact that the "two inevitabilities" have not come true in Western countries does not affect the scientific nature of Marxism. The turmoils in East Europe do not symbolize failure of Marxism....

本文认为：《共产党宣言》是屹立在人类历史上的一座丰碑，其核心是关于&两个必然性&的理论，它构成了马克思恩格斯全部成熟著作的纲领和红线，是理解什么是马克思主义的关键，也为我们如何对待马克思主义提供了有益的启示；西方国家没有实现&两个必然性&，并不影响马克思主义的科学性，苏东剧变不是马克思主义的失败，而是背弃马克思主义的失败，而在中国，&两个必然性&的理论已经实现并在继续实现，这些都表明，《共产党宣言》的基本思想并不是乌托邦，而是科学社会主义学说。

They thought symbolism is a deep existence, art is a methode. The human being can get rid of the vulgar in common life and access the other world in religion with symbolistic feeling way and symbolistic living way, in this way Russian symbolism reflects that human being conquers the objectivity as the subjectivity and he exceeds his spirit.As a symbolistic poet representing the characteristic greatness of his own nationality, the biggest difference between Blok"s works and other symbolists" consists in that he always and totally realized the tendency of sublimity in his symbolistic system, and developed the symbolistic degree in the fields of subjectivity and objectivity and the relationship between them.

认为象征是一种更深层的存在状态，艺术是手段，人只有以象征主义的感知方式和生活方式才能摆脱日常生活的庸俗而走向宗教化的彼岸世界，因此俄国象征主义反映了人作为主体对客体世界的征服和自我精神的超拔和更新勃洛克作为一位体现着本民族特色的伟大的象征派诗人，其创作与其他象征主义诗人最大的差别就在于在他的象征主义体系中始终而完满地实现了崇高的美学倾向，并且在主客体及二者的关系三个方面发展了崇高的象征主义维度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。