其主义

The thinkers of the Lunyu School fully expressed their persistence of individualism and their reconsideration in literary modernity Yet the persistence and escape existed side by side, this mode of behavior and thinking indicated that the self-subject of the modern scholars was illusive and was hard to carry on when the modern scholars were covered by the powerful tradition and deeply controlled by modernity's consciousness of time Chapter Two Reconsidering on the character of modernity with leisure ampleness, resisting the human alienation caused by modern materialism and mechanism with humor, reaffirming the space of self-expression, which formed the humor, the leisure, the modern, and the aesthetic spirit implication of Lunyu School But the modern scholar's powerful inclining to the tradition made Lunyu School's aestheticism draw close to live in seclusion And its aesthetic modernity is also discounted for that reason Chapter Three It is the emotion and the leisure manner owning by the middle aged people that help to bring about Lunyu School's essay's adjusting in main key and moving massively in theme Lunyu School changed the way for "gaining the experience of life"in the twenties'prose It went from highly enthusiastic writings to reserved life-concerning and recite with appreciation in everyday life

第一章 三十年代左翼文学以其"新"、"进步"和"时代性"确立了自己的合理性地位，而时代思潮的转换、文艺与政治的日益密切使五四自由知识分子所坚持的个人主义成了"落伍""颓废"的表征。论语派自由思想者充分表达了对个人主义的执着、对文学现代性的反思，但坚持与逃逸并存的行为与思维模式表明现代士子在忧生伤世的强大传统笼罩下和一往无前的现代性时间意识的深刻控制下，个人主体的难以为继和虚幻性。第二章以闲适的余裕对奔竞躁进、汲汲功利、一往无前的现代性特征进行反思，以幽默对抗现代物质主义机械主义对人灵智的异化，重申自我表现的空间，构成论语派幽默闲适的现代性审美精神内涵。但现代文人对于传统的强大趋同力，则使论语派审美主义向隐逸文化靠拢，其审美现代性由此大打折扣。第三章中年情感与闲适气度直接促成论语派散文基调上的调整及主题的大幅横移，在趣味、游戏、幽默、闲适中改变了二十年代散文"问世"的径路，从意兴湍飞的激扬文字走向了沉潜适世的生命关怀与日常人生的吟味与咀嚼。

Part i tries to track to the history of education trend of thought of anarchism in china . it includes 4 phases : introduction ( the end of 19 century - 1902 ), development ( 1902 ~ 1911 ), bloom ( 1912 ~ 1921 ), eclipse ( 1921 - 1927 ). part n analyses education ideas of the faction of china anarchism . lt includes tian yi faction , new century faction , min sheng faction , the faction of anarchical communism . part hi puts forward my evalution form there different angles . generally speaking , it had special significance in special time . even though it had many flaws , it is important for us to value education trend of thought of china anarchism

主要包括四个方面：无政府主义的产生与传入( 19世纪下半叶1902年)；无政府主义教育思潮的形成( 1902年1911年)；无政府主义教育思潮的全盛( 1912年1921年)；无政府主义教育思j兑回在a硕士字位论父wmaster ' sthesis潮的衰落92年1927年l通过对其历史的回眸，可以清晰地了解无政府主义教育思潮在中国各个时期的特点及发生变化的原因，揭示它的流变轨迹及其对中国教育思想影响的深度和广度，从而使国人充分地认识和了解无政府主义教育思潮在特定的历史时期所发挥的特殊的历史作用。

Anarchism advocated by Mikhail Bakunin is one of the main anti-Marxism thoughts during the First International period. He set up the Socialist Democratic League and advocated'abolition of all right of inheritance','abolition of the notion of country'and'defiance of authority', and attacked the Paris Community, which has brought great damage and negative effects to the Workers'Movement.

巴枯宁的无政府主义是第一国际时期主要的反马克思主义思潮之一，他所组建的"社会主义民主同盟"、所宣扬的"废除继承权"、"废除国家"、"反对权威"以及对巴黎公社的攻击等给当时的工人运动带来了极大的影响和危害，为了揭示其无政府主义的本质，清除其对工人运动的影响，马克思与其进行了长期的、艰苦的、复杂的斗争。

Bakhtin s translinguistics begins with his criticism on traditional linguistic-philosophical theories,especially on Freudianism and formalism.At the same time,Bakhtin is also influenced by New-Kantism and Marxism.At last,Muscovite ethos also effects in his linguistic ...

巴赫金的语言学思想首先是从批判传统语言哲学理论开始的，特别是对弗洛伊德主义和形式主义的批判，同时，巴赫金又以新康德主义和马克思主义等哲学思想为指导，此外，俄罗斯的民族精神也对其哲学思想产生了一些影响，形成了其独特的语言哲学基础。

Today, we need a new conception of development based on philosophic futurology which subsumes holistic existential conception, futurist historical conception, limitationist rational conception, harmonist social conception, riskist justice conception, and sustainable development conception.

今天我们需要一种哲学未来学的发展观，其主要内容包括整体主义的存在观、未来主义的历史观、界限主义的理性观、和谐主义的社会观、风险主义的正义观和可持续主义的发展观。

This paper explains the great contribution of Marxism in China's historical process making by the scientific concept of development from multiple perspectives. The scientific concept of development promoted the Chinese-style Marxism in the historical process by its scientific answer of the problems of China's development, its comprehensive system of thought, its profound grasp of the concept of human being the essence, its shape which combining theory and practice.

本文以多重视角阐释了科学发展观对马克思主义中国化历史进程中的巨大贡献：科学发展观以其对当代中国发展问题的科学回答、以其完备的体系性思想、以其对人本理念的深刻把握、以其理论和实践相结合的形态推进了马克思主义中国化的历史进程。

Its historians discern four general traits in this tendency:(1) Its experiential character, pietists are people of the heart for whom Christian living is the fundamental concern;(2) its biblical focus, pietists are, to paraphrase John Wesley,"people of one book" who take standards and goals from the pages of Scripture;(3) its perfectionistic bent, pietists are serious about holy living and expend every effort to follow God's law, spread the gospel, and provide aid for the needy;(4) its reforming interest, pietists usually oppose what they regard as coldness and sterility in established church forms and practices.

其历史学家发现四个一般性状的这种倾向：（ 1 ）其经验的性格，虔诚主义者是人民的心为谁而基督教的生活是根本的关注；（ 2 ）其圣经的重点，虔诚主义者，以段约翰卫斯理，&人民的一本书&谁采取的标准和目标，从页的经文；（ 3 ）其perfectionistic一意孤行，虔诚主义是严重的约神圣的生活和付出一切努力，按照真主的法律，传播福音，并提供援助，为有需要的；（ 4 ）其改革的利益，虔诚主义，反对什么，通常他们认为冷漠和不孕症，在既定的教会形式和做法。

They are natural sciences, scientific philosophy and psychology itself. At first his view is called social behaviorism, and then paradigmatic behaviorism, and now psychological behaviorism.

斯塔茨整合思想的形成有其自然科学背景、科学哲学背景和心理学背景，其整合观的演变历程为，从社会行为主义发展到范式行为主义，再到心理行为主义。

He could have such influence because: first, there are serious problems in the theory and practice of international communist movement; second, it has something to do with his way of criticizing-to use the apparently pure scientific way in pure academic criticism; third, the focus of his criticism, which targeted at Marxist materialist historical view, was mainly the l7th-l8th century historicism, especially the dogmatic, vulgarized and distorted Marxist social historical theory; last but not the least, Marxist materialist historicism is the dialect logical results drawn from practice while Popper chiefly used formal logic and scientific way, the more easily understandable and acceptable way, in his criticism.

究其原因，我认为这首先与国际共产主义运动的理论与实践本身存在严重问题有关；其次与他批判的特点有关－用貌似纯科学的方法作纯学术的批判；三是其批判锋芒所指虽然也包括马克思主义的唯物史观，但主要是指17-18世纪历史决定论，特别是指被教条化、庸俗化和曲解了的马克思主义的社会历史理论；更深层的原因是，马克思主义的历史决定论是在实践中运用辩证逻辑概括出来的，而波普尔的批判主要运用的是形式逻辑和自然科学的方法，这样的逻辑和方法是人们通常比较容易理解和接受的方法。

He could have such influence because:first,there are serious problems in the theory and practice of international communist movement;second,it has something to do with his way of criticizing-to use the apparently pure scientific way in pure academic criticism;third,the focus of his criticism, which targeted at Marxist materialist historical view,was mainly the 17th-18th century historicism,especially the dogmatic,vulgarized and distorted Marxist social historical theory;last but not the least,Marxist materialist historicism is the dialect logical results drawn from practice while Popper chiefly used formal logic and scientific way,the more easily understandable and acceptable way,in his criticism.

究其原因，我认为这首先与国际共产主义运动的理论与实践本身存在严重问题有关；其次与他批判的特点有关用貌似纯科学的方法作纯学术的批判；三是其批判锋芒所指虽然也包括马克思主义的唯物史观，但主要是指17—18世纪历史决定论，特别是指被教条化、庸俗化和曲解了的马克思主义的社会历史理论；更深层的原因是，马克思主义的历史决定论是在实践中运用辩证逻辑概括出来的，而波普尔的批判主要运用的是形式逻辑和自然科学的方法，这样的逻辑和方法是人们通常比较容易理解和接受的方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。