关键途径

This paper studies the concept and key facts of the enterprises' autonomous technological innovation, then it constructs a model of the key factors' conduction mechanism according to the logic of the SCP structure, finally it analyses the innovation path of china's enterprises and suggests that under the resources constraint, the feasible solution of china's enterprises is congregating resources to capture the subdivide market, then taking this as the chance, realizing the transformation from partial breakthroughs to overall rising by technology accumulation.

本文在现有研究的基础上，研究了自主技术创新的概念及其关键因素，然后按照战略－行为－绩效的逻辑关系，构造了关键因素间的传导机制模型，对我国企业自主创新的路径进行分析，认为在资源约束下，我国企业的可行途径应是通过资源集聚，占领细分市场，保证技术和市场的良性互动，然后以此为契机，通过技术积累实现由局部突破向全面崛起转化。

During these years (1997-2000) in the research area of annonaceous acetogenins 5 natural products and a number of chiral-pure analogs of annonaceous acetogenins have been synthesized using sugars as the starting materials. Their high activity and selectivity against cell line of colon tumor and a relationship between activity and configuration have been found too. In the respect of inhibitor of sialidase two new methodologies for the synthesis of chiral-pure 3-deoxy-ulosonic acid using hetero-Diels-Alder reaction or asymmetric propargylation as the key reaction were developed. On the topic of anti-leukemia marine natural product clavulactone a synthetic method based on the free radical cyclization and starting from sugar has been developed. In other title of PKC inhibited agent sphingosine a new synthetic route with SN2' as the key reaction has also been disclosed.

项目期间（1997-2000）在番荔枝内酯方面从糖出发合成了五个天然产物和一批手性纯的类似物，它们对肠癌细胞有很高的活性和选择性，并与构型有关；在唾液酸酶抑制剂方面发展了二类全新手性纯高碳糖的合成方法－杂原子D－A反应或丙炔基不对称加成为关键的反应；抗白血病海洋天然产物群柱虫内酯方面研究了由糖出发和自由基环化反应的合成方法；对PKC 起抑制作用的鞘氨醇方面也开创了新的合成途径－由糖出发并以SN2'反应为关键反应。

The results from the measurement and analysis of temperature and humidity to the typical square in Xi'an city shows that the road plan, the flooring, the green areas and water system are the crucial factors to the temperature, humidity and wind velocity in the square, and the coordination of these factors is the effective way to improve therm...

对比分析表明，城市道路布局、建筑空间界面、铺地材料、绿化植被及水体面积等是决定广场温度、湿度和气流速度的关键因素，合理配置并综合协调各关键因素的关系是提高广场热舒适性的有效途径。最后，以营造可持续生态环境为理念，提出了改善城市广场热环境的具体措施。

By the catalyzed of F3H, F3'H and F3'5'H, the biosynthesis of anthocyanins branched three pathway to form pelargonidin, cyanidin and delphinidin separately. DFR, F3'H and F3'5'H are the most important genes for introducing new metabolic branches by genetic transformation to plants that lack some kinds of flower pigments.

花色素苷的生物合成主要由于F3H，F3'H和F3'5'H三个关键酶的作用形成3个分支，最终分别生成橙色到砖红色的天竺葵素糖苷，红色的矢车菊素糖苷和蓝色到紫色的飞燕草素糖苷，因此， F3'H，F3'5'H和DFR基因是利用遗传转化引入花卉植物原本缺乏的花色代谢途径的关键基因。

Our previous studies have shown that ubiquitous overexpression of HmgD caused hemocytes proliferation and the formation of melanotic tumors in the Drosophila larvae. To clarify the mechanism of melanotic tumors appearance,we also generated RT-PCR analysis to test the transcriptional changes of PPAE and Spn27A,which encode the key factors in the phenoloxidasecascade pathway from larvae samples of mid-third instar,late-third instar and prior to pupation relative to wild type flies.Our result showed that in the HmgD overexpression mid-third instar larvae,the expression level.of Spn27A was lower than wild type,otherwise the expression level of PPAE was higher than wild type.It suggests that overexpression of HmgD affects the PO cascade pathway.

本研究组前期工作发现，过量表达HmgD引起果蝇幼虫体内血细胞增生，并出现黑色素瘤，为探讨HmgD过量表达导致了血细胞增生即形成黑色素瘤的分子机制，本研究分别提取三龄中期、后期和相对于野生型化蛹前时刻的幼虫的RNA，首先检测了编码酚氧化酶级联反应途径中的两个关键基因PPAE，Spn27A在突变体中的转录发生变化，结果发现，Spn27A在三龄中期的表达量低于野生型，而PPAE的表达高于野生型，表明过量表达HmgD影响了酚氧化酶级联反应途径，低水平的Spn27A不足以抑制PPAE的活性，活化的PPAE催化了PPO的活性，使其转变成有活性的PO，从而促进黑色素的生成，使果蝇体内产生黑色素瘤。

Activation of PKC is one of key link in the cell signal transduction passway, which mediated cellular signals, participated expression of genes, and influenced cell cycles.

蛋白激酶C是信号转导通路中发挥关键作用的蛋白激酶之一，做为信号分子，它的活化是一系列细胞级联信号传导途径的关键环节，既介导多种细胞信息的传递，又参与调节基因的表达与功能，影响细胞周期，对肿瘤细胞的生长、分化、增殖与凋亡起调节作用。

Escherichia coli and many other microoganism synthesize aromatic amino acids through the condensation reaction between phospho enolpyruvate and erythro.

ppsA和tktA是芳香族氨基酸生物合成中心途径的两个关键酶基因，在大肠杆菌中，ppsA基因编码磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸合成酶A ，该酶催化丙酮酸合成磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸；tktA基因编码转酮酶A ，该酶在磷酸戊糖途径中生成 4 磷酸赤藓糖起主要作用。

Many pathways regulated the flowering transition including circadian clock associated genes such as GI and CO which play a mediated role in photoperiodic pathway of Arabidopsis.

植物由营养生长到生殖生长的过程中，受到许多途径的调节，而光周期途径中的CONSTANS基因扮演关键的角色。

The massive research materials indicated that the HMG-CoA reductases is the first key enzyme of the regulation of the mevalonic acid way, which has some reference value to promote the research on the biosynthetic pathway and the regulation of ginsenoside.

大量研究资料表明HMG-CoA还原酶是甲羟戊酸途径的第一个限速关键酶，这对人参皂苷生物合成途径及其调控的深入研究具有一定的参考价值。

Based on the analysis of the influence of the external economic environment to the development of freight, it proposed the content and objectives of development; modern information technology, through the analysis of technical characteristics of modern information technology, we research their use in the freight logistics in Inner Mongolia; By analyzing the external environment of freight logistics development, give the development way of freight logistics , and further determine the key technical ways of freight logistics development; Finally, on the basis of applications of modern information technology, research the use of modern information technology in the development of freight logistics and give some relevant policy recommendations.

本文在分析外部经济环境对货运发展影响的基础上，提出货运物流化发展的内涵、表现形式及目标；分析现代信息技术的技术特征，探讨现代信息技术在货运物流中的应用领域；采用SWOT分析法内蒙古货运物流化发展的外部环境，进而提出货运物流化发展的战略，明确内蒙古货运物流化发展的指导思想，提出内蒙古货运物流化的战略定位和主要途径；最后，根据现代信息技术的应用领域，探讨货运物流化发展途径中的主要技术，探讨现代信息技术在货运物流化发展关键技术的应用，并提出相关的政策建议。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。