关键途径

The enzyme of 6-phosphofructokinase is a key element in glycolysis,widely distributed in most eukaryote and prokaryote.

6_磷酸果糖激酶是糖酵解途径一个关键酶。

The chapter four to chapter eight analyze the railway engineering cost making standard from the sides respectively including railway engineering quotation, railway quotation direct cost, site administration cost, construction measurement cost, indirect cost and profit, analyze the key factor which influencing cost, confirm the scientificity and rationality of the current cost making standard basing on field measuring data, bring forward the advise of the ways and method of reducing invest and cost, and bring forward the opinion and advice for improve and perfect the current railway cost making standard.

第4～8章分别从铁路工程定额、铁路定额直接费、现场管理费、施工措施费、间接费和利润等方面对铁路工程造价计价标准进行分析，分析影响费用的关键因素，依靠实测数据检验现行各项计价标准的科学性与合理性，提出降低投入、减少成本支出的途径和方法的建议，并对现行铁路计价标准提出改进和完善的意见和建议。

In the second part of the paper, the sport techniques of the flight elements was analysised in-depth theoretically by the movement technical structure:①the giant swing was first analysised in mechanics by applying the Kane's method, the dynamic equation of 5-link multi-body model was established, and the computer simulation software of the giant swing on the high bar was developed.

其次，作为单杠上飞行动作系统性研究的另一主要方面，本论文对飞行动作一般技术结构中的各技术环节进行了深入的理论分析：①着重对飞行动作准备阶段的回环运动技术进行了动力学分析，主要采用了多体力学理论中的Kane方法，建立了5环节人体回环运动的动力学方程，并应用计算机数值仿真技术研制开发了用于回环运动动力学分析的数值仿真软件，进而以动作实例对回环运动进行了数值仿真与误差分析，其所得到的数值仿真结果能够满足对人体回环运动的动力学分析和仿真要求；②对于飞行动作的撒手技术环节，本论文从人体环节相对运动角度，来分析撒手时人体质心的运动以及撒手时角动量参数，并列举了几种飞行动作撒手技术的基本力学指标；③关于飞行动作的空中技术，论文在总结了空翻转体动力学机理的研究成果基础上，对人体空中运动定量化问题进行了一般性描述，并进一步应用刚体动力学理论，着重建立起了描述空翻与转体技术之间定量化的关系，讨论了空翻转体运动的稳定性及其运动模式的转换问题，它对于定量地评定空翻转体技术以及今后对空翻转体动作进行数值仿真都具有理论上和实践上的重要意义；④关于飞行动作再握技术环节，本论文避免了以再握瞬时性的力学参数指标来描述再握技术特征的简单化途径，提出以再握下摆与回环下摆相对比的方法来研究再握技术，并以飞行动作再握技术的具体实例进行了对比分析，表明再握下摆技术相比回环下摆技术有着相当的困难性和复杂性，运动员对再握下摆过程中各环节的相对运动实施有效的控制，是连接高难动作以及顺利流畅地完成成套动作的关键。

On the basis of the former researches and taking into account the practice of our country, this paper take the low period repeat loading experiment for three rigid conjunction node of steel beam and concrete wall, researching their load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance performance under the low period repeat loading action, the main content concentrate on the following aspects:(1) Analyzing the three joint's damage shape、hysteretic curve、change of rigidity、yielding load、limit load、damage load、durability、energy dissipation capacity、the strain of the key position and the moment transferring mechanism.(2) Comparing the joint's load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance performance among the joints with different stud bolt diameter and different connection plate thickness, researching some factor's influence on the work performance of the joint such as the high and strong stud bolt specification、connection plate thickness .

本文在前人研究的基础上，结合我国的实际情况，对3个钢梁-混凝土墙刚接节点试件进行了低周反复荷载试验，对其在低周反复荷载作用下的承载力和抗震性能进行了研究，内容主要集中在以下几个方面：(1)对3个节点试件在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏形态、滞回曲线特性、刚度变化、屈服荷载、极限荷载、破坏荷载、延性性能、耗能能力、关键部位的应变分布情况及节点核心区的受力情况进行了试验研究和理论分析；(2)比较了不同螺栓规格和不同连接板厚度的节点试件的承载力和抗震性能，研究了高强螺栓规格和连接板厚度这2个因素对节点工作性能的影响；(3)介绍了光纤光栅传感技术在土木工程领域中的应用研究现状及其基本原理；并通过对比试验，探讨了光纤光栅传感器用于土木工程检测的可行性及实现途径。

From the research result mentioned above, it was concluded that the selection of excellent single shoot tissue culture seedlings was an effective approach to guarantee fast growth and high yield of rattan plantation; the application of advance planting technique, such as controlling planting time, seedling number per group and spacing was very important for the purpose of minimizing unfavorable effect of rattan planting on upper trees, increasing cane yield and improving the level of economic gain; the determination of optimal harvest regime by adjusting the first harvest time, the lower limit of stem length for cutting as well as the harvest interval offered technical support to utilize resources reasonably and sufficiently and to enhance the economic benefit dramatically.

综合分析，通过组培快繁技术选择优质组培单芽藤是保证藤林速生丰产的有效途径；根据藤种的生物学特性，选择适宜的林地和上层林分，采取调控种植时间、丛栽株数和株行距等造林措施是减少棕榈藤间种对上层树种不利影响、有效增加原藤产量和提高林地增益水平的关键措施；而通过控制初始采收龄、起采茎长和采收间隔期，确定藤林最佳采收方式是促进资源充分利用、提高藤林的经济效益的有力保障。

U.S. scientists have cracked the growth process in the majority of cancer plays a key role of telomerase in secret, in order to develop new anti-cancer drug has opened up a new way.

美国科学家破解了在大多数癌症生长过程中起关键作用的端粒酶的秘密，为研发新型抗癌药物开辟了新途径。

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, a key enzyme in trehalose synthesis pathway of plant, plays an important role in response of exrophilous rock lily and other resurrection plants to severe abiotec stress.

海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶是植物海藻糖合成途径的关键酶，在旱生巻柏等复苏植物对逆境胁迫应答中起重要作用。

The method of metrological traceability of values for catalytic concentration of enzymes is now widely recognized as the combination of reference materials, reference measurement procedures and network of reference laboratories. Reference materials that are value-assigned using an internationally agreed upon protocol play an important role in this system and now reference materials or calibrators have come to our attention in our country.

随着人们对酶标准化工作和计量学溯源体系的深入认识，参考方法、参考物质和参考实验室网络的结合成为国内外普遍认可的实现酶活性测定标准化的重要途径，而使用公认的酶校准物作为载体，将测定结果的数值在参考方法和常规方法间进行准确性的传递是目前酶标准化工作的关键环节之一。

After overcoming the flux shift during the process, the production ability of strains could be the limiting factor for further increasing the production. To avoid the random modification on strains, the comprehensive enzymatic study of nucleoside producing-pathway was conducted on four strains with different producing ability. And the results could be used to direct further reconstruction of strains. It was also found that nucleotidase was of much importance to nucleoside production.

在成功克服了代谢流的迁移之后，菌株的代谢能力可能成为了进一步提高产率的限制因素，为了避免对生产菌的进一步改造中的盲目性，对四株不同菌株间嘌呤途径关键酶活力的系统测定，对肌苷、鸟苷生产菌种的酶学特征有了全面的了解；并发现了核苷降解酶对于核苷生产能力至关重要；酶学特性研究对肌苷、鸟苷生产菌的进一步改造提供了方向。

Hes5 gene, a key downstream mediators of Notch signaling that functions by inhibiting the expression or activity of positively acting bHLH factors, is a member of bHLH transcription factor family which acts as a positive-negative transcriptional regulators which is expressed transiently in different stages in cells growth and differentiation and orchestrate those precisely timed and progressive maturational events underlying cell fate decisions according to orders of time and spatial and coordinated the function of majority of signaling transduction on target genes to influence the proliferation and differentiation.

Hes5是Notch通路转导途径的一个关键的下游信号分子，通过抑制正调控bHLH因子的表达和活性来发挥作用，隶属于碱性螺旋-环区-螺旋转录因子家族。该家族形成一个正负转录调节器，按时空顺序短暂表达于细胞发育分化的不同阶段，介导和协调多种信号系统对大量靶基因的作用，影响细胞增殖、分化。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。