关节骨液

Material and MethodsRA Rabbit Model group: 15 early RA rabbits of the same weight and variety Control group:10 normal rabbits of the same weight and varietyMethods of making RA rabbit model:elect 15 normal rabbits of the same weight and variety, dissolve Ovalbumin in 0.9% sodium chloride solution, to make the solution of 20mg/ml concengtration, blend the same quantity of complete Freund′s Adjuvant equably ,inject the mixed solution into endermic tissue of the rabbit′s scapular section, making the rabbits allergic, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution to one rabbit every time, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution in 5 different places of the rabbit′s scapular section, inject the rabbit one time every week,inject 3 weeks continuously,it turned out to be that the rabbits will be allergic, inject Ovalbumin blent with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the knee joint cavity of the rabbits in the fourth week, 5 mg Ovalbumin every knee joint cavity,two knees of every rabbit of the 15 rabbits are both injected,the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will be added obviously in 24 hours,and they will drop gradually,at the time of the 14th or 21th day, the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will get to the balance time,the incidence rate of RA is 100%.after the RA model succeeds,it is the early time of RA from the first week to the fourth week,after the fourth week,it is the late time of RA, the cartilage of the femoral condyle and the subchondral bone cortices will be changed unrecoverily.

资料与方法RA模型组：早期RA家兔模型15只，品种及体重接近。对照组：正常家兔10只，品种及体重接近。RA家兔模型制作方法：选取15只成年家兔，体重、品种接近，将卵蛋白溶解于生理盐水，配成浓度为20mg/ml的溶液，与等量完全弗氏佐剂混匀，注入家兔肩胛区皮下致敏，每只家兔每次注射1ml，于肩胛区5个不同区域注射，每周一次，连续注射3周而致敏，第4周向膝关节腔注射卵蛋白生理盐水溶液，每只关节腔注射5mg卵蛋白，15只家兔膝关节全部注射，24h内此关节直径和表面温度大幅度上升，以后缓慢下降，至14～21d达到平台期，发病率达100%。造模成功后第1～4周为早期改变，第4周以后出现不可逆的关节软骨及骨破坏。采用高频超声对RA模型组与对照组的膝关节髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜及股骨髁软骨厚度及软骨下骨皮质的回声情况进行对比观察。结果RA组模型组膝关节髌上囊积液及滑膜的厚度明显厚于对照组，其股骨髁软骨的厚度与对照组相比无明显差异，其软骨下骨皮质与对照组相比无明显改变。

The right and left TMJ were removed from the animals, and all the specimens were observed. 3 days later, we could find that all TMJ components showed signs of injury. The synovial membrane was torn up and the cartilage of the condylar process and glenoid fossa was destructed.

伤后3天可出现关节滑膜撕裂、颞骨和髁突骨质破坏、关节腔内积血，关节盘以及关节附着的断裂等改变；7天后，关节积血少见。2周后可见关节内明显的破坏性改变，关节腔内还可有渗出液存在。

In response to repetitive strain and inflammation, the synovial l-z joints can fill with fluid and distend, resulting in pain from stretching the joint capsule.71 Distension of the articular recesses can also compress the exiting nerve root in the neural foramen or spinal canal, especially when the foramen is already narrowed by joint hypertrophy and/or osteophytes.

反复的应力与炎症反应，可使滑膜l-z关节充满滑液并扩张，导致关节囊收到牵拉产生疼痛。关节囊隐窝的扩张可以压迫神经孔出的神经根出口或压迫椎管内脊髓，尤其当由于关节肥大和/或骨赘形成已经存在椎间孔狭窄时发生率更高。

Then the cultivated chondrocytes were embedded in fibrin glue fused on spongy bone, covered with priosteal flap; the complex was used to repair the femoral trochlea osteochondral defect which size is 3mm × 4mm × 4mm made in rabbit knee joint.

在A组的每只兔子的一侧膝关节股骨滑车部人为造成3mm×4mm的骨软骨缺损，骨刀切除软骨下骨到髓腔渗血为止(厚约4mm)，压迫后FG止血；取髂骨骨块，并尽可能保留松质骨，取下的骨块用PBS反复清洗，以除去血细胞，将松质骨填充在骨缺损处，松质骨面朝向关节腔，高度与周边软骨下骨齐平，把骨膜片生发层朝向关节腔，用无创伤缝合线缝合在周边的软骨或滑膜组织上；向EP管中加入1/2悬液体积的FG主体胶溶液并混匀，再与主体胶等体积的催化剂溶液一同注射入骨膜与骨块密闭的腔隙中；同理处理另一侧膝关节。B组处理与A组相比只是不加入软骨细胞；C组造成骨软骨缺损，FG覆盖创面后单纯用骨膜修复缺损。

Results MRI results showed that synovial hyperplasia and enhanced pannus in the wrists could be seen in all the cases, while hone marrow edema, hone erosion and joint effusion could be seen in 65, 50 and 54 cases respectively.

结果78例早期RA的MKI征象：滑膜增厚78例，血管翳强化78例，骨髓水肿65例，骨侵蚀50例，关节积液54例，腱鞘炎3例。

Results Extensive and diffuse synovial hyperplasia can be seen in patients with RA;synovial pannus formation can be seen in 25 cases.

结果RA组病人均可见广泛、弥漫的滑膜增生，其中25例病人可见滑膜血管翳形成，而OA组仅7例病人可见轻度滑膜增厚，未见滑膜血管翳形成者(X2=55.78P.005)；RA组关节软骨及软骨下骨改变较严重且弥漫，而OA组软骨退变则较局限，且以关节摩擦大的部位受损为著，其软骨下骨改变较为局限，常常见于IV软骨退变；关节腔积液、半月板及韧带改变，在OA组与RA组之间无差异。

MethodsThe OA rabbit model was established by immobilized in full extension for up to six weeks. Eighteen rabbits were randomly divided into the DEA group, the acupotomy group (treated with acupotomy and manipulation) and the control group (treated with manipulation alone). The treatment was applied once every three days for 1 month as a course. NO in articular synovia was measured by nitrate reduction method, and the apoptosis rate of chondrocyte was determined by flow cytometry.

方法应用关节制动的方法复制骨关节炎模型，18只造模成功的中国家兔，随机分为高频电火花水针组、水针刀组和对照组，A组用高频电火花水针加手法治疗，B组水针刀加手法治疗，C组仅予以手法治疗。1次/d，疗程为1个月，用硝酸还原法检测关节滑液中NO含量；用流式细胞仪检测软骨细胞的凋亡率。

Eighteen rabbits were randomly divided into the dea group, the acupotomy group (treated with acupotomy and manipulation) and the control group (treated with manipulation alone). the treatment was applied once every three days for 1 month as a course. no in articular synovia was measured by nitrate reduction method, and the apoptosis rate of chondrocyte was determined by flow cytometry.

方法应用关节制动的方法复制骨关节炎模型，18只造模成功的中国家兔，随机分为高频电火花水针组、水针刀组和对照组，a组用高频电火花水针加手法治疗，b组水针刀加手法治疗，c组仅予以手法治疗。1次/d，疗程为1个月，用硝酸还原法检测关节滑液中no含量；用流式细胞仪检测软骨细胞的凋亡率。

Evaluate MRI representation:(1) segregation condition: transfixation band, segregation between cartilage and bone, segregation between bone and bone;(2) four stages of pathologic classification based on MRI signal character;(3) texture in weight bearing zone;(4) add Bone Marrow Edema score and joint effusion score as stasis index.

术前MRI评估：(1)股骨头内分离情况：贯穿带、软骨与骨分离，软骨下骨与骨分离；(2)股骨头内信号的病理分期；(3)冠状正中位的髋臼负重区下结构；(4)将股骨头骨髓水肿评分和关节积液评分相加记为关节的瘀积指数。

Construct PLXRN-IL-1Ra and PLXRN-IL-10 vector, lapine synoviocytes were first transduced in culture by retroviral infection. The genetically modified synovial cells were then transplanted by intra-articular injection into the knee joints, assay of joint lavages confirmed that the gene expression was not lost after 14 days of transfer. Knees receiving the hIL-1Ra had significantly reduced cartilage breakdown. Delivery of the hIL-10 was less effective, When both genes were used together, there was a greater inhibition of cartilage breakdown and a considerable reduction of cartilage matrix degradation.

构建PLXRN-IL-1Ra、PLXRN-IL-10逆转录病毒载体，体外感染同种异体原代滑膜细胞，接着将转染了外源基因的滑膜细胞行关节腔注射入创伤性骨关节炎兔膝关节，通过对关节滑液的ELISA分析证明外源基因的表达在基因转移后14天还很稳定，只接受hIL-1Ra基因治疗的膝关节软骨损坏明显减轻，接受hIL-10基因治疗的膝关节治疗也有一定效果，当两种基因同时导入时，有非常明显的抑制软骨破坏和软骨基质降解的作用。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。