关节软骨炎

Objective : The defects of articular cartilage are an all too commonly encountered medical problem in bone and joint surgely, which may be caused by trauma or evolve during the course of diseases such as osteoarthritis , osteochondritis and osteonecrosis .

目的：关节软骨缺损是骨关节外科常遇到的问题，常由创伤和各种疾病（如骨性关节炎、骨软骨炎和骨坏死等）引起。

Cartilage damage can also occur as part of other rare conditions such as osteochondritis dissecans (where loss of blood supply causes a piece of bone and cartilage to separate from the bone) and relapsing polychondritis (which causes swelling of the cartilage in the ear).

软骨损伤，也可能会出现的一部分，其他罕见的条件，如剥脱性骨软骨炎（其中损失的血液供应的原因一块骨与软骨脱离骨）和复发性多软骨炎（造成肿胀，关节软骨在耳）。

Osteochondritis dissecans is separation of immature articular cartilage from underlying bone.

分离性骨软骨炎指未成熟关节软骨与骨骼分离。该疾病由骨软骨病引起。

Current application for hip arthroscopy include management of labral tears, osteoplasty for femoroacetabular impingement, thermal capsulorrhaphy and capsular plication for subtle rotational instability and capsular laxity, lateral impact injury and chondral lesions, osteochondritis dissecans, ligamentum teres injuries, internal and external snapping hip, removal of loose bodies, synovial biopsy, subtotal synovectomy, synovial chondromatosis, infection, and certain cases of mild to moderate osteoarthritis with associated mechanical symptoms.

目前髋关节镜主要应用于盂唇撕裂的处理、股骨髋臼的撞击症的骨成形、隐匿性髋关节旋转不稳的热关节囊紧缩或关节囊皱折术，治疗软骨损伤、剥脱性骨软骨炎、圆韧带损伤、内源性或外源性弹响髋，清除游离体、滑膜活检、滑膜次全切、滑膜软骨瘤病、感染和某些伴有机械症状的轻度至中度骨性关节炎。

The pathological findings showed that ZBT could alliviate the synovial tissues inflammatory congestion, edema, remit the inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibit the proliferation of synovial cells, therefore reduce the degree of destruction of the articular cartilage and subcartilaginous bone tissue. Inhibited the disablement of the woulded limbs.

结果：止痹痛药酒能轻模型鼠关节肿胀度，对免疫注射后继发病变具有良好的治疗作用，说明该药具有抗炎免疫作用，病理学观察证实该药能减轻关节滑膜的充血水肿和炎细胞浸润、抑制滑膜细胞增生，减轻关节软骨和软骨下骨组织的破坏程度，抑制模型鼠患肢的致残。

Results: Arthroscopic examination showed that there were synovitis, debris and fibrillation in the joints of ADD with reduction; synovitis, synovial hyperplasia, debris, fibrillation, chondromalacia,fibrocartilage rupture and adhision in the joints of ADD without reduction.

结果：可复性关节盘前移位的病例出现滑膜炎，关节腔内有絮状物，关节结节表面有纤维形成。不可复性关节结节表面纤维形成，关节软骨软化，软骨剥脱，同时伴有纤维粘连。

These include inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis,99 101 synovial impingement,meniscoid entrapment, chondromalacia facetae, pseudogout,synovial inflammation, villonodular synovitis, and acute and chronic infection.102 106 Intrafacetal synovial cysts can be a source of pain because of distension and pressure on adjacent pain-generating structures, calcification,and asymmetrical facet hypertrophy.107 110 In a retrospective review of MRI scans in 303 consecutive patients with LBP, Doyle and Merrilees111 found that9.5% had facet joint synovial cysts, the large majority of which were located posteriorly.

包括炎症性关节炎如类风湿性关节炎，强直性脊柱炎及反应性关节炎等，还有滑液撞击，关节软骨版卡压，关节面软骨软化，假性痛风，滑液炎症，绒毛结节性滑膜炎和急慢性感染。小关节内滑囊囊肿可由于拉伸和压缩临近的疼痛发生结构，骨化及不对称关节增生等原因引起疼痛。在一项303例连续患者的MRI研究中，Doyle 和 Merrilees发现其中9.5%存在小关节囊肿，大部分发生于关节囊后部。

Results:(1) FSN can inhibit secondary joints swelling and multi-arthritis evidently, improve the whole condition of rats; at the same time, it can also lighten the synovial inflammation and hyperplasia of lesion joints distinctly, and prevent the joint cartilage and bone from destruction; the collective efficiency of FSN is better than TWP.(2) FSN can raise AA rats low LTT of spleen to normal nearly, remedy the disorder of Th / Ts and Thl / Th2 cells balance in peripheral blood, restrain exorbitant TNF- a ? IL-1 produced by PM O , thereof exert anti-inflammatory and immunoregulation effect.(3) Inside the lesion joints, FSN can depress abnormal hyper-expression of TNF- a mRNA and NF-kB in synovial tissues, as well as advance the expression of Caspase-3 (a proteolytic enzyme of apoptosis), reduce synovial immflamination and proliferation.(4) FSN can lower the expression of VEGF in synovial tissue,reduce neogenetic veins, so inhibit the growth of pannus tissue and the damage of cartilage and bone by that.(5) The above effect of FSN are in proportion to its dosage.Conclusions: FSN has inhibitory effects on symptom and condition of experimental RA, which is better than TWP as a whole.

结果：(1)FSN有明显的抗炎作用，可显著抑制AA大鼠足跖肿胀与多关节炎，改善大鼠的全身情况，同时明显减轻病变关节滑膜炎症与增生，防止关节软骨及骨质的破坏，其综合作用优于TWP；(2)FSN还能使AA大鼠低下的脾LTT恢复至接近正常，纠正外周血中T细胞亚群Th／Ts及Th1／Th2平衡紊乱，抑制大鼠PHφ过高的TNF-α、IL-1分泌，而发挥抗炎和免疫调节作用；(3)在病变关节局部，FSN能显著抑制AA大鼠滑膜细胞异常增高的TNF-αmRNA的表达，降低滑膜组织中NF-kB表达，并增加凋亡蛋白酶Caspase-3表达，从而抑制滑膜的炎症与增殖；(4)FSN还可下调滑膜组织中VEGF表达，减少血管新生，由此抑制血管翳的形成及其对软骨和软骨下骨的侵蚀；(5)FSN的上述作用皆呈现一定的量效依赖关系，高剂量组作用优于低剂量组。

FSN can raise AA rats low LTT of spleen to normal nearly, remedy the disorder of Th/Ts and Th1/Th2 cells balance in peripheral blood, restrain exorbitant TNF-α、IL-1 produced by PMφ, thereof exert anti-inflammatory and immunoregulation effect.(3) Inside the lesion joints, FSN can depress abnormal hyper-expression of TNF-αmRNA and NF-kB in synovial tissues, as well as advance the expression of Caspase-3 (a proteolytic enzyme of apoptosis), reduce synovial immflammation and proliferation.(4) FSN can lower the expression of VEGF in synovial tissue, reduce neogenetic veins, so inhibit the growth of pannus tissue and the damage of cartilage and bone by that.(5) The above effect of FSN are in proportion to its dosage. Conclusions: FSN has inhibitory effects on symptom and condition of experimental RA, which is better than TWP as a whole.

结果：(1)FSN有明显的抗炎作用，可显著抑制AA大鼠足跖肿胀与多关节炎，改善大鼠的全身情况，同时明显减轻病变关节滑膜炎症与增生，防止关节软骨及骨质的破坏，其综合作用优于TWP；(2)FSN还能使AA大鼠低下的脾LTT恢复至接近正常，纠正外周血中T细胞亚群Th/Ts及Th1/Th2平衡紊乱，抑制大鼠PMφ过高的TNF-α、IL-1分泌，而发挥抗炎和免疫调节作用；(3)在病变关节局部，FSN能显著抑制AA大鼠滑膜细胞异常增高的TNF-αmRNA的表达，降低滑膜组织中NF-kB表达，并增加凋亡蛋白酶Caspase-3表达，从而抑制滑膜的炎症与增殖；(4)FSN还可下调滑膜组织中VEGF表达，减少血管新生，由此抑制血管翳的形成及其对软骨和软骨下骨的侵蚀；(5)FSN的上述作用皆呈现一定的量效依赖关系，高剂量组作用优于低剂量组。

Osteoarthritis is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, limited intraarticular inflammation with synovitis, and changes in peri-articular and subchondral bone.

骨关节炎的特点是关节软骨的变性，关节内滑膜炎以及关节周围及软骨的变化。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。