关节的

Although in rare instances the development of facet joint arthropathy can be traced to a specific inciting event,61 the overwhelming majority of cases of l-z joint pain are the result of repetitive strain and/or low-grade trauma accumulated over the course of a lifetime.

虽然在少数病例中，小关节病变的发展史由于特殊的刺激造成的，但是绝大部分的病例中，l-z关节性疼痛是源于反复的牵拉以及/或低强度的损伤积累的结果。

Although substantial clinical and functional improement was obsered in all etiology groups, patients with primary rotator cuff tear arthropathy, primary osteoarthritis with a rotator cuff tear, and a massie rotator cuff tear had better outcomes, on aerage, than patients who had posttraumatic arthritis and those managed with reision arthroplasty.

虽然在所有病因组的患者中我们都观察到了显著的临床与功能方面的改善，病因为原发性肩袖撕裂关节病、伴有肩袖撕裂的原发性骨关节炎以及大面积肩袖撕裂的患者的预后平均比病因为创伤性关节炎、采用关节成形术矫正术的患者更好些。

Based on ABB s IRB140 mini industrial robot,this paper analyzed a 6 DOF multi-joint industrial robot in kinematics,established its kinematics model,proposed a specific simulation algorithm for robot work spaces describing,and generated a continuous work space map,which have significant referenced value in robot kinematics,barrier avoidance,computer control and robotics education.

文章以瑞典ABB公司生产的IRB140型小型工业机器人为例，对空间六自由度多关节机器人进行了运动学分析，建立了该类型机器人的运动学模型，提出了空间六自由度多关节机器人连续工作容积的仿真算法，并根据此算法生成了该机器人的连续工作容积图，这对机器人动力学、机器人避障、微机控制和机器人教学等方面的研究有重要的参考价值。

The tarsal joint of the hind leg of a digitigrade quadruped,such as a horse, corresponding to the human ankle but bending in the opposite direction.

跗关节马等跗行四足动物后腿的跗关节，与人类的踝关节类似但弯曲方向相反溴的衍生物的活性要比相应的氯的衍生物大得多。

The results of this study, we hope, can provide three different joints in three velocities, from low to high, for coaches to train golf players to make a faster clubhead speed and a farer ball distance to gain the best performance in the international competition.

从本研究的结果，期望能够给予教练了解对於腕关节、肘关节和肩关节在不同速度上的差异，以应用於肌力训练上，且提供教学参考的依据和选手们训练的方向，以求在杆头速度上能够更快，球飞行的更远，并期望能在国际上有杰出的表现，缔造更好的佳绩。

The peak of the bulge accorded with the vertical line through the posterior convexity of superior articular surface of atlas. The superimpose rate of the vertical line with the M line were 48% to left and 65% to right. The surplus existed in l～2mm to lateral of M line. The exit point of screw was the median point of vertical line on the anterior cortex of lateral mass. The superimpose rate of BB line the line linked with the

寰椎后结节中点及上关节突后凸尖下的骨质弧形隆起的顶点可作为寰椎椎弓根螺钉进钉点的准确标志，上关节突后凸尖及横突尖可作为寰椎椎弓根进钉点的大体标志；沿寰椎椎弓根轴线进钉较为安全，内倾17°，仰角变异大，出钉参照前结节顶点；椎动脉沟中外的厚度及进钉点处寰椎后弓的高度是寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定的主要限制性因素。

Facet joints oriented parallel to the sagittal plane provide substantial resistance to axial rotation but minimal resistance to shearing forces, whereas joints oriented more in a coronal plane tend to protect against flexion and shearing forces but provide minimal protection against rotation fig.

小关节朝向趋于矢状位可以限制脊柱的轴向旋转但是减少了对剪应力的限制。而趋于水平的小关节可以更好的保护屈曲和剪切下的应力，但对旋转的抵抗力降低（图3）。

Atment rabbit knee joint to be straight, from the biological mechanics and the pathology angle discussion massage regarding the Knee joint osteoarthritis rabbits ligament, the articular cartilage performance function, builds the foundation for the further thorough research.

采用推拿手法治疗，从生物力学和病理学的角度探讨推拿对于膝关节骨性关节炎兔的关节活动度、髌韧带、关节软骨性能的作用，为进一步的深入研究打下基础。

Objective To investigate the role of SOX-9(SRY-related high mobility group box gene 9)regulating the apoptosis in the hyaline cartilage cells of human cervical zygapophysial joints.

目的 探讨重组腺病毒介导的人SOX-9(AdSOX-9)对人的颈椎关节突关节软骨细胞凋亡细胞数目及Caspase-3基因表达的作用及相关意义，更好理解颈椎软骨退变的发生机制。

ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive erosion of articular cartilage as well as the thickening of subchondral bone. Both extracellular matrix damage and severe loss of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage participate in the process.

骨关节炎是以关节软骨进行性破坏及软骨下骨增生为特征的关节退行性病变，软骨基质的破坏以及软骨细胞的大量丧失参与了发病过程，在骨关节炎软骨组织中软骨细胞呈现过度凋亡的状态，凋亡在细胞丧失过程中发挥着重要作用。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐