关节的

Reprinted from Altman R, Alarcon G, Appelrouth D, et al: The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the hand.

a 10个被选关节是指第二和第三远端指间关节，第二和第三近端指间关节，及双手的第一腕掌关节。

Results: Among the 11 cases who were conducted total synovectomy by shaver, there were 6 recrudescent cases acquired open total synovectomy, 1 recrudescent cases acquired arthroscopic total synovectomy again. Among the 7 cases who were conducted total synovectomy by shaver plus electrofrequence technique, there was 1 recrudescent cases, no recurrences was found in 6 cases during the followed up period.

结果：所有患者均行关节镜下滑膜切除、关节腔清理术，11例应用刨削器手术的患者中6例需再次行开放性滑膜大部分切除术，1例再次关节镜手术； 7例应用刨削器加射频技术的患者6例经14~42个月追踪复查未见复发，关节功能良好，1例需再次关节镜手术。

［Objective］To explore the technique of arthroscopy plus radiotherapy in the treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee and to evaluate its clinical value［Method］A total of 14 cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee were treated from January 2000 to July 2003Intraarticular excision under arthroscope with a combined application of routine intrusments and Bipolar radiofrequency was performed on all these 14 cases,and postoperative radiotherapy for diffused pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee,13 patients were followed up for 10~45 months,and were evaluated for range of motion,pain,swelling effusion［Result］Thirteen cases according to the International Knee Documentation Committeecriteria,subjective knee score was (587+64) and (865 ±57) respectively before surgery and at the last followup［Conclusion］In case of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee joint,arthroscopical synovectomy can make good surgical results,and postoperative radiotherapy is an effective treatment for diffused pigmented vilionoclular synovitis of the knee

作者：王晓旭，廖瑛，黄华扬，席雅文，李朝旭，韩志关节镜；放射治疗；膝关节；滑膜炎；色素绒毛结节性摘要：［目的］探讨采用关节镜结合放射治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的方法及其临床应用价值。［方法］2000年1月～2003年7月，共收治14例膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎患者，采用关节镜下常规器械加双极射频进行关节内病变切除，术后弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎辅以放疗，13例通过10~45个月的随访，了解患膝活动度、疼痛、肿胀情况。［结果］13例随访患者，术前国际膝关节评分委员会膝关节功能主观评分为（587±64）分，最后随访时，IKDC膝关节功能主观评分为（865±57）分。［结论］通过关节镜能完成膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎滑膜较彻底切除，对弥漫性膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎辅以术后放疗是一种有效方法。

Abstract］ objective to provide the experience on treatment with the internal fixation to the fractures combined with/without dislocation on peripheral amphiarthrodial joint.methods from january 2000 to january 2005,62 cases were follow-up visited and evaluated on imageology,imaging,joint function and complication,et al.results serveral problems were observed on these cases.first,when the internal fixation were pulled out,some of the patients were observed the disturbance,even loss on joint function,and their quality of life were limmited.second,some internal fixations had been broken before they were pull out.conclusion we should sufficiently allow for not only the stabilization and the union of the fracture,but also degrade the complication to minimum limit and maximally recover the joint function.

作者：洪洋，陈峥嵘，董有海，钱光，杨群，程根祥目的通过对微动关节周围骨折和合并关节脱位的内固定治疗后的疗效分析，进而为临床治疗提供经验。方法对2000年1月～2005年1月期间62例患者进行随访，并从影像学及关节功能、并发症等方面进行评估。结果治疗该类创伤病例存在着以下几个问题：（1）部分患者的关节功能在内固定解除术后，存在着不同程度的功能障碍，甚至丧失而影响到患者的生活质量。（2）并发内固定断裂情况时有发生。结论治疗微动关节周围骨折尤其在合并有关节脱位时，应充分考虑到既要修复因创伤引起的骨折使其愈合并使该关节稳定，又应该最大限度地恢复关节功能，并将并发症降低到最小限度。

Results: Two groups 64 sides joint equally to obtain limpid MR image, on oblique sagittal of close mouth T1 and PDW images showed that the anterior disc border in TMJ ID people was sited around 0.42mm, before the vertical line of the lower end of articular eminence,while it is sited 0.14 mm,before the vertical line in normals, There exists significant statistical difference. The junction of posterior band of the disc and the bilaminar region in TMJ ID people was sited at 14.4°of vertical line of condile center,but in normals it was 3.18°There exists significant statistical difference.

结果： 两组64侧关节均获得清晰的MR图像，T1WI和PDWI图像斜矢状闭口位时，在TMJ ID组关节盘前缘位于关节结节最低点垂直线前约0.42 mm，而正常对照组则位于其前约0.14 mm，两组间差异有统计学意义，在TMJ ID组关节盘后带与双板区交界处约位于髁状突12点位垂直线14.4°处，而正常对照组则位于其3.19°处，两组间差异有统计学意义。

Results: Arthroscopic examination showed that there were synovitis, debris and fibrillation in the joints of ADD with reduction; synovitis, synovial hyperplasia, debris, fibrillation, chondromalacia,fibrocartilage rupture and adhision in the joints of ADD without reduction.

76例84侧临床诊断为颞下颌关节盘前移位以及关节盘穿孔的病例进行颞下颌关节内窥镜检查。结果：可复性关节盘前移位的病例出现滑膜炎，关节腔内有絮状物，关节结节表面有纤维形成。

These include inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis,99 101 synovial impingement,meniscoid entrapment, chondromalacia facetae, pseudogout,synovial inflammation, villonodular synovitis, and acute and chronic infection.102 106 Intrafacetal synovial cysts can be a source of pain because of distension and pressure on adjacent pain-generating structures, calcification,and asymmetrical facet hypertrophy.107 110 In a retrospective review of MRI scans in 303 consecutive patients with LBP, Doyle and Merrilees111 found that9.5% had facet joint synovial cysts, the large majority of which were located posteriorly.

包括炎症性关节炎如类风湿性关节炎，强直性脊柱炎及反应性关节炎等，还有滑液撞击，关节软骨版卡压，关节面软骨软化，假性痛风，滑液炎症，绒毛结节性滑膜炎和急慢性感染。小关节内滑囊囊肿可由于拉伸和压缩临近的疼痛发生结构，骨化及不对称关节增生等原因引起疼痛。在一项303例连续患者的MRI研究中，Doyle 和 Merrilees发现其中9.5%存在小关节囊肿，大部分发生于关节囊后部。

Ten patients with temporal bone fracture and trauma of ear,whose CT scan of temporal bone showed that Malleoincudal joint irregular shape in the axial view and incudostapedial joint dislocation in the coronal view,were included in this study,Virtual endoscopy showed Malleoincudal joint separation,incudostapedial joint dislocation and interruption,ossicular chain disruptio...

虚拟耳镜示锤砧关节分离，砧镫关节脱位，听骨链中断。手术经颞线下开放上鼓室，保留完整的外耳道后上壁，充分暴露上、后鼓室和听骨链，检查并行听骨链成形术。结果：砧骨长脚骨折1耳，将砧骨改型后行锤-镫连接术；锤砧和砧镫关节脱位6耳，砧骨完全脱落3耳，行砧骨复位双关节固定术。10耳均行上鼓室进路鼓室探查术，术后语频听力平均提高25~50dB。结论：完壁式上鼓室进路鼓室探查术治疗外伤性听骨链中断疗效满意。

The pressures are related to thevarities of threedimensional movements of ZJCS. Both C5～C6 and C4～C5 segements are easy to result in osteophyma ofZJCS.

颈椎关节突关节在三维运动过程中，其压力随运动方向的不同而变化；C4～C5、C5～C6两节段为颈椎关节突关节骨赘好发节段。

In order to investigate the effects and assessment of joint mobilization in the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis, 32 cases of scapulohumeral periarthritis were treated by joint mobilization.

为探讨关节松动术对肩周炎的疗效，采用后关节松动术治疗肩周炎32例，同时用肩关节功能评价量表在治疗前后对后关节疼痛、ROM、ADL、肌力及局部形态进行综合评定。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。