关节疼痛

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Facet or zygapophysial joint pain may be one of the causes of chronic low back pain and may be treated by a percutaneous radiofrequency denervation.

背景概述：小关节面或关节突关节疼痛可能是引起慢性下腰痛的原因之一，也可以接受经皮射频去神经治疗。

Typical symptoms included joint pain, achy or stiff joints, muscle pain, and morning stiffness. The researchers found the average time to symptoms was 1.6 months and ranged from 0 to 10 months.

典型的症状包括关节疼痛、关节僵硬或疼痛、肌肉疼痛和清晨僵硬；研究者发现症状的平均期间是1.6个月，范围从0 到10个月。

In the four placebo-controlled studies evaluating radiofrequency denervation outcomes in patients with "confirmed"l-z joint pain, the only study that screened patients with MBB demonstrated positive outcomes,157versus only one of three that used diagnostic intraarticularin jections.158–160 Ultrasound-guided medial branchand intraarticular blocks have also been demonstrated to provide comparable accuracy to fluoroscopically guided injections, although they may be less likely to detect low-volume intravascular uptake and are less accurate in obese patients.161–164 Because MBB are technically easier to perform than intraarticular injections and involve anesthetization of the nerves to be lesioned, it seems more logical to use these blocks as a prognostic tool before radiofrequency denervation.

在四个设有安慰剂对照的对于&确诊&小关节疼痛的患者行射频神经消融后的结果的研究中，唯一一个用MBB筛选研究对象的实验表现出阳性结果，而其他3个用关节内注射筛选的实验中只有1个表现出阳性。超声介导下的内侧支关节囊内阻滞被证实较透视介导更精确，虽然其血管内吸收剂量较低且在肥胖的患者中精确性较差。由于MBB较之关节内注射技术上更简单，且能对受损神经进行麻醉，利用这种阻滞作为神经射频消融前的诊断方法较为合理。

Relieves pain to the lumbago , ischialgia , menorrhalgia (belong to the cold certificate without exception) not only the hot pack being able to relieve arthrosis pain, a hot-water bag is set free getting along in part pain, every time 20 minutes, 1 ~ also may relieve pain obviously 2 time every day,; To twisting , dampening the subcutaneous haematoma bringing about, in being wounded using the hot-water bag hot pack 24 hours the day afer tomorrow ,can boost subcutaneous extravasated blood admitting.

缓解疼痛热敷不仅可以缓解关节疼痛，对腰痛、坐骨神经痛、痛经，将热水袋放在局部疼痛处，每次20分钟，每天1～2次，也可明显缓解疼痛；对扭、挫伤造成的皮下血肿，于受伤24小时后，用热水袋热敷，可以促进皮下淤血吸收，起缓解疼痛的作用。

Joints Protection: Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfa te can maint ain cartilage elasticity and repair damaged joint tissues. Fish oil relieves pains in the joints and contributes to healthy joints

关节保护：添加葡萄糖胺、硫酸软骨素，维持软骨的弹力，修复损坏的关节组织，配合深海鱼油缓解关节疼痛，保护关节健康

In order to investigate the effects and assessment of joint mobilization in the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis, 32 cases of scapulohumeral periarthritis were treated by joint mobilization.

为探讨关节松动术对肩周炎的疗效，采用后关节松动术治疗肩周炎32例，同时用肩关节功能评价量表在治疗前后对后关节疼痛、ROM、ADL、肌力及局部形态进行综合评定。

International contributors review the current understanding of the biology and cellular mechanisms along with relevant research so you can easily apply them to the pathophysiology of the numerous disorders that botulinum toxin is used to treat—such as botulinum toxin applications for the treatment of cranial-cervical dystonias, motor disorders in cerebral palsy, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, headache, overactive bladder, chronic pelvic pain syndromes, arthritis joint pain, and wound healing.

编写本书的几位国际专家回顾了当前对生物学和细胞机制的认识及相关研究，便于读者了解那些应用肉毒毒素治疗的许多疾病的病理生理学——如应用肉毒毒素治疗治疗头颈部肌张力障碍、脑瘫运动障碍、磨牙症和颞下颌关节紊乱病、头痛、膀胱过度活动症、慢性盆腔疼痛综合征、关节炎关节疼痛和创口愈合。

Protection of Joints: Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate maintain cartilage elasticity and repair damaged joint tissues. Fish oil relieves pains in the joints and contributes to healthy joints

关节保护：添加葡萄糖胺、硫酸软骨素，维持软骨的弹力，修复损坏的关节组织，配合深海鱼油缓解关节疼痛，保护关节健康

In patients with facet hypertrophy, foraminal narrowing can actually cause radicular symptoms.72–74,135 A second confounding factor is that the best prevalence studies used comparative MBB to estimate l-z joint pain.

伴有小关节增生，椎间孔狭窄的患者亦可产生确切的根性疼痛症状。另一个混杂因素是研究流行病学时最好用对照性的MBB来估计小关节疼痛。

The first prosthesis for total replacement of the distal radio-ulnar joint, the joint between the long bones of the forearm in the wrist area, has been implanted in a patient in Hospital MAZ, in a procedure designed to offer strength and mobility to wrist-pain sufferers.

第一种用于远端桡骨－尺关节（这个关节位于前臂长骨腕关节之间）完全置换的假体，已经在西班牙MAZ医院(Zaragosa， Spain)的1例患者手术中进行了移植，该手术设计用于为腕关节疼痛患者提供力量和灵活性。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。