关节炎

And then the arthritis gradually alleviated and recovered on day 28. In addition, GAL-LI greatly rised in DRG, but decreased in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ of the dorsal horn following the development of polyarthritis (n=3 or 5). In the arthritic rats (n=5 or 6), EA at points could alleviate hyperalgesia and ongo- ing pain, and prevent the rats suffering from polyarthritis, meanwhile the in- crease of CGRP-, SP-and GAL-LI was reduced.Ⅱ. Expression of α-CGRP,β-CGRP and GAL mRNAs in DRG neurons of the arthritic rats and acupuncture effects

实验还观察到在动物形成变态反应性关节炎时，DRG中GAL-LI明显增加，但在背角却明显减少（n=3）；3、经电针治疗（佐剂后20天内隔天电针双环跳穴一次，持续15min）关节炎动物炎症反应减轻，同时脊髓背角和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI的增强反应减弱，GAL-LI在DRG中的增加和在背角中减少的反应也均有所减弱，并使关节炎动物以及脊髓背角和DRG中上述递质的变化恢复加快。

Recently, it is proved that SP is also involved in pain modulation, acupuncture analgesia and immunoin- hibition. However, the role of CGRP in them is unclear Therefore, the dy- namic changes of CGRP-, SP-like immunoreactivity and expression ofα- CGRP,β-CGRP mRNAs in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord in the arthritic rats were observed by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques combined with behavioral tests, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of this peoptide on the develoment of polyarthritis were investigated by intrthecal injections of CGRP and its antagonist in the rats. In addtion, GAL is a novel neuropeptide which coexists with CGRP and SP, but it may play a different role in the primary sensory system. Thus, we also observed the changes of GAL and GAL mRNA in DRG neurons and the spinal cord. The results were as follows

为此本文拟在大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型上，结合行为学测定、用免疫组织化学、原位核酸分子杂交技术观察脊髓背角及DRG中CGRP、SP、α-CGRP mRNA、β-CGRPmRNA的动态变化及电针的影响，此外，用鞘内和外周注射CGRP的工具药探讨了CGRP在佐剂性关节炎发生发展中的可能作用；甘丙肽（Galanin，GAL）也是新近发现的一个神经肽，并与CGRP和SP共存于DRG及初级传入末梢中，在神经损伤模型中脊髓CGRP、SP减少，GAL则明显增加，显示GAL与CGRP和SP的作用可能不同，因此在佐剂性关节炎模型上也同时观察了GAL和GAL mRNA的变化，实验结果如下

In the normal rats (n=5、6), CGRP-LI were mainly present in small and some medium-sized neurons and the primary afferent fibers and ter- minals in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ,Ⅹ and Lissauer's tract of the spinal cord; GAL- and SP-LI were mainly present in small neurons and the superficial layers of the dorsal horn. After the adjuvant injection both CGRP-and SP-LI were in- creased corresponding to the development of arthritis. On day 2, CGRP-and SP-LI were moderately increased in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ and the posterior commis- sure of the spinal cord and small neurons in DRG, while SP was obviously in- creased in the superficial layers and DRG. On day 14, CGRP-LI were marked- ly enhanced in the above regions with the development of polyarthritis. Some- times many strongly stained long fibers could be seen in the posteriot commis- sure.

在DRG中，CGRP主要分布于小和中等神经元之中，SP和GAL主要分布于小神经元之中；2、注入弗氏完全佐剂（含冻干结核菌0.5mg）后第2天动物（各5~6例）产生具有明显红、肿、热、痛和痛敏的急性关节炎，免疫组化实验观察到注射侧脊髓背角和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI明显增加；在佐剂后第14天，动物患肢肿胀、痛敏和自发痛均进一步加重，部分动物健肢也出现红肿，产生多发性关节炎时，脊髓背角浅层和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI增加更为明显，并且在灰质后联合中可见许多深染的CGRP-LI长纤维；在佐剂后第21和28天，随着佐剂性关节炎的逐渐恢复，脊髓背角和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI也接近正常。

Although psoriatic arthritis is a chronic arthritis, in some people it is mild and "comes and goes" whilst in others it can be a persistent arthritis that can cause joint damage if not treated timeously.

虽然银屑病关节炎是一种慢性关节炎，对某些人来说，它很温和并且来去匆匆，然而对另外一些人来说，它是一种持续的关节炎病，如果不及时治疗能造成关节损坏。

"Mud pack therapy, alone or in combination with other modalities of balneotherapy, has been reported in randomized, double-blinded, controlled studies to improve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, fibromyalgia, and osteoarthritis," write Daniel Flusser and colleagues from Ben Gurion University of the Negev in Beer-Sheva, Israel.

以色列Beer-Sheva的Negev大学的Dr。 Daniel Flusser及其同事提道：以前有随机双盲对照试验报告，泥浆敷布治疗法，不论是单独使用还是与其他形式的浴疗法联合使用，都可以改善风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣的关节炎、纤维性肌痛症以及骨关节炎的症状。

These include inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis,99 101 synovial impingement,meniscoid entrapment, chondromalacia facetae, pseudogout,synovial inflammation, villonodular synovitis, and acute and chronic infection.102 106 Intrafacetal synovial cysts can be a source of pain because of distension and pressure on adjacent pain-generating structures, calcification,and asymmetrical facet hypertrophy.107 110 In a retrospective review of MRI scans in 303 consecutive patients with LBP, Doyle and Merrilees111 found that9.5% had facet joint synovial cysts, the large majority of which were located posteriorly.

包括炎症性关节炎如类风湿性关节炎，强直性脊柱炎及反应性关节炎等，还有滑液撞击，关节软骨版卡压，关节面软骨软化，假性痛风，滑液炎症，绒毛结节性滑膜炎和急慢性感染。小关节内滑囊囊肿可由于拉伸和压缩临近的疼痛发生结构，骨化及不对称关节增生等原因引起疼痛。在一项303例连续患者的MRI研究中，Doyle 和 Merrilees发现其中9.5%存在小关节囊肿，大部分发生于关节囊后部。

［Objective］To research the method, curative effect and indications of applying arthroscopy to treat hip disease, and investigate the valuation of arthroscopy on hip disease.［Method］Totally 103 patients (129 hips) were treated with arthroscopy by corresponsive modus operandi according to different pathogenetic conditions from Oct.2001 to Jan. 2007. Among the total cases, 50 hips were osteonecrosis of the femoral head; 8 hips were traumatic hip arthritis; 34 hips were hip osteoarthritis; 9 hips were pigmented villonodular synovitis; 12 hips were hip arthritis of ankylosing spondylitis; 6 hips were chronic synovitis; 6 hips were acetabular labrum injury; 2 hips were hip joint corpus liberum; 2 hips were coxarthropathy with indefinite reasons.

［目的］研究髋关节镜治疗髋关节疾病的方法、疗效及适应证，探讨关节镜在髋关节疾病中的临床价值［方法］2001年10月～2007年1月，采用髋关节镜手术治疗103例（129髋）髋关节疾病，其中股骨头坏死50髋；创伤性髋关节炎8髋；髋关节骨性关节炎34髋；色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎9髋；强脊性髋关节炎12髋；慢性滑膜炎6髋；髋关节盂唇损伤6髋；髋关节游离体2髋；不明原因髋痛2髋。

The diagnoses included primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis, postreconstructive arthritis, posttraumatic arthritis, and osteonecrosis.

诊断包括原发性盂肱骨关节炎（18肩），重建术后关节炎（12肩），创伤后关节炎（5肩），骨坏死（1肩）。

The diagnoses included primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis, postreconstructie arthritis, posttraumatic arthritis, and osteonecrosis.

诊断包括原发性盂肱骨关节炎（18肩），重建术后关节炎（12肩），创伤后关节炎（5肩），骨坏死（1肩）。

Eliminate n/med tuberculosis sex arthritis of sex of gonitis, rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis. 1 · 3 treatment method 3 · of 1 · 1 common treatment rests appropriately, avoid to load reach walk for long, stand. 3 · of 1 · 2 report...

排除结核性膝关节炎、风湿性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎。1·3治疗方法1·3·1一般治疗适当休息，避免负重及长时间行走、站立。1·3·2电。。。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。