关节

It is characterized by the formation of bony spurs along joints and intervertebral spaces, which can even bridge and fuse the entire joint.

它的特点是沿关节和椎骨间隙形成骨刺，后者甚至形成桥联导致整个关节的融合。

Objective To study the long term come-out of the femoral head AVNpatients treated with a new kind of multi-functional intramedullary decompression apparatus.

股骨头缺血性坏死是骨科的常见病，其病变最终可累及整个髋关节，导致关节软骨破坏，股骨头塌陷，使关节功能丧失。

The overall excellents good rate was 86 36%.Conclusion Operative treatment with tianium T plate for Bartons fracture can firmly hold the reduced fracture segments and hence facilitate early postoperative rehabilitation and improve the wrist function.

采用T形钛合金钢板内固定治疗Barton骨折，固定牢固，可达骨折解剖复位，有利于腕关节早期的功能锻炼，最大限度地恢复腕关节功能。

The ROM of L5-S1 segment was significantly increased in flexion, left and right lateral bendings (relative ROM 1. 57, 1. 43, 1. 61 seperatively).

双侧小关节内侧1/2切除和双侧小关节全切除状态之间在右轴向旋转运动方面有显著性差异。

The entire femoral condyles of the knees at 4 weeks after surgery were used to develop the tissue section technique.

在兔一侧膝关节的股骨内侧髁关节面制造直径3 mm深度4 mm的全层关节软骨缺损。

The result showed that the treatment methods could not determine the changes in the joints, and the conservative approach should be the first choice for those not severely dislocated fractured condyles, but the follow-up must be done frequently and some advices must be given.

说明创伤引起的关节结构的变化不因治疗方式的改变而有明显差异，不管采用哪种治疗方式，都有可能不能避免关节疾病的发生，因此，我们认为对未发生严重的骨折移位或粉碎性骨折的患者应首选保守治疗法，但应严密随访观察，发现问题，及时处理。

It might distinctly decrease maximum and minimum principal stresses on each region of the mandible with TMD, among which the stress on condylar surface of ill side was reduced more significantly, and the stress distribution of bilateral condyles was close to equality and balance.

夹板通过改善颞下颌关节的应力分布状况（应力大小、性质和对称平衡性）减轻甚至消除对其的损伤，使失衡的关节内环境得到调整和恢复，此为夹板治疗TMD的最主要的生物力学机制之一。

Bone contusions occurred in the knee joint, 9 in the hip joint, 3 in the elbow joint, 6 in the shoulder and 3 in the ankle.

受伤部位为膝关节87例，髓关节9例，肘关节3例，肩关节6例，踝关节3例。

Methods 65 cases（74 knee） of senile osteoarthritis of the knee were debrided under arthroscopy with local anesthesia.The procedures included removal of hyperplastic membrance and raw surface of degenerated cartilage,repairing the meniscus,and reshaping of the intercondylar fossa.

对65例（74膝）膝关节骨性关节炎患者采用局麻下行关节清理术，手术清理增生炎性滑膜，清理退变剥脱的软骨及打磨软骨创面，修整损伤半月板，取出关节内游离体、碎骨屑及炎性介质，髁间窝成形术解除撞击及磨损前交叉韧带。

International contributors review the current understanding of the biology and cellular mechanisms along with relevant research so you can easily apply them to the pathophysiology of the numerous disorders that botulinum toxin is used to treat—such as botulinum toxin applications for the treatment of cranial-cervical dystonias, motor disorders in cerebral palsy, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, headache, overactive bladder, chronic pelvic pain syndromes, arthritis joint pain, and wound healing.

编写本书的几位国际专家回顾了当前对生物学和细胞机制的认识及相关研究，便于读者了解那些应用肉毒毒素治疗的许多疾病的病理生理学——如应用肉毒毒素治疗治疗头颈部肌张力障碍、脑瘫运动障碍、磨牙症和颞下颌关节紊乱病、头痛、膀胱过度活动症、慢性盆腔疼痛综合征、关节炎关节疼痛和创口愈合。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。