关节

Lumbar zygapophyseal joints asymmetry is the common anatomical abnormality in lumbar vertebra.

腰椎关节突关节不对称在临床上是比较多见的一种腰椎解剖学的异常。

Objective: To study the relationship between sympathetic nerve and the branches of primary sensory neurons innervating cervical zygapophyseal joint ,and to explore the mechanism of the external intervertebral foramens cervical nerve compression syndrome with neck shoulder pain and the symptom of head and face regions.

目的 ：研究交感神经与支配颈椎关节突关节的初级感觉神经元分支的关系，探讨椎孔外颈神经受压产生颈肩痛和头面部症状的机制。

OBJECTIVE: To explore cervical adjacent zygapophyseal joint stress distribution following two level ADR and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, so as to provide biomechanical reference for clinical application of two level ADR.

目的：观察轴向载荷对双节段颈椎人工椎间盘置换和前路椎间融合内固定对邻下位节段关节突关节内压力的影响，以期为双节段人工颈椎间盘置换的临床应用提供生物力学依据。

But the incidence of adjacent level intervertebral disc pathology secondary to anterior cervical fusion with allograft, by changing the pressures on zygapophyseal joints and the motional mechanics between segments, has been well documented in clinical and laboratory settings.

前路颈椎间盘切除、椎间植骨融合术为目前治疗脊髓型和神经根型颈椎病的常规术式，但研究发现由于改变了相邻节段椎间盘、关节突关节压力和节间运动力学，导致手术后相邻节段退变。

Results There were nNOS-immunopositive nerve endings in fibrous coat of capsule of cervical zygapophyseal joints,flava ligament,interspinalia ligament,supraspinale ligament and annulus fibrous of intervertebrale disc.

人颈段关节突关节囊、黄韧带、棘间韧带、棘上韧带和椎间盘的纤维环等结构的病变，常表现为颈肩痛。

The close relationship etween intracapsular condylar fractures and posttraumatic TMJA has been howed in lots of articles. Posttraumatic TMJA mostly happens when seriously displaced fractures have occured together with damaged articular acet, increasing of mandible width and mandibular hypomobility.

研究表明，髁突囊内骨折与之关系密切，特别是当骨折明显移位合并关节面严重损伤、关节盘移位以及下颌骨宽度增加和活动度减小等因素时，更加好发。

These can reduce pain and swelling in your joints and help to stop your joints from wearing down.

这些可以减少疼痛和肿胀在您的关节，并帮助停止你的关节，由身穿下来。

Several investigators have determined that placing the electrode parallel rather than perpendicular to the target nerve substantially increases the size of the lesion, thereby reducing the likelihood the treatment will miss or only partially coagulate the target nerve.234,235 After a literature review and cadaveric study, Lau et al.234 concluded the ideal electrode position is across the lateral neck of the superior articular process rather than the groove formed at the angle of the superior articular and transverse processes, as was used in most studies.159,160Other investigators have found the maximal lesion size to be reached within 60 s of lesion time,235–237 independent of whether the system is temperature or voltage controlled.238 Studies conducted in human myocardium have determined that irrigation fluid has either no effect or a slightly beneficial effect on lesion size.239 Hence, the use of LA to prevent procedure-related pain or steroid to reduce the incidence of neuritis184 should theoretically have no adverse effects on the efficacy of radiofrequency denervation.

一些研究者认为，将点击平行的置于目标神经比将其垂直置于目标神经增加了消融的范围，因而减少损伤可能使目标神经不被或部分被消融。Lau等回顾了文献中对尸体的研究，总结出理想的电极放置位置为上关节突颈部外侧而非常采用的上关节突与横突形成的沟。其他学者研究发现，不论系统是温度控制或电压控制，其最大的损伤范围都在60秒内达到。在心肌灌注的研究中，灌注液多损伤范围造成轻微或不造成损伤。因此，使用LA预防过程相关性疼痛或类固醇防止神经炎发生时，需理论上确保对射频消融效果无副作用。

Methods From March 1994 to December 2002, on the basis of the ordinary operative method, Pemberton method was improved for 48 cases of DDH 49 articulatio coxae which had superficial and small acetabula but big heads of femur. Osteotomy points were moved higher to enlarge area of bone flap turned over. A piece of full thickness ilium including periosteum was removed as a free bony graft. Capsula articularis growing thicker was made into 2 layers, of which the inner layer was used to tighten articularis and the outer layer was used to stabilize bone flap.

1994年3月～2002年12月，对DDH髋臼浅而小、股骨头大的48例49个髋关节，在通常术式的基础上，对Pemberton截骨术式进行改良，将截骨点上移，扩大翻转骨瓣面积；取髂骨全层骨板连带附着的骨膜植骨；增厚的关节囊制成两层，内层紧缩关节，外层稳定骨瓣。

This new manipulator is nonholonomic, we can only use two actuates to control the multiple joints because of its special nonholonomic character.

本文基于已有的非完整理论及非线性控制方法，将摩擦圆盘运动分解机构应用到多关节机械手臂上，设计了一种新型多关节欠驱动可控的非完整机械手臂。

What would he tell Judith and the children?

他将怎样告诉朱迪丝和孩子们呢？

I this is at that time, the opinion with peacockish true girl is full of in a heart.

这就是当时的我，一个心中布满虚荣的女孩子真实的想法。