关节

Polyarticular psoriatic arthritis is a chronic, progressive and disabling auto-immune disease often affecting the small joints of the hands in a symmetrical fashion.

多关节型银屑病关节炎是一种慢性、进行性和致残性的自身免疫性疾病，经常对称性地影响手部小关节。

Patients with polyarticular course JIA (19 females, three males; mean age 13.9 years; mean disease duration 6.3 years; 15 with polyarticular onset, seven with systemic onset, one with residual systemic activity; eight rheumatoid factor positive; eight with erosive disease) were treated with etanercept for up to 24 months.

22名多关节幼年型类风湿关节炎患者(19 例女性， 3例男性；平均年龄 13.9 年；平均病程 6.3 年； 15例现有多关节症状， 7例有全身症状， 1例有残余的全身症状； 8例RF阳性； 8例有骨关节侵蚀)使用etanercept治疗超过24 个月。

The metabolic and endocrine sequelae of intrafacetal depot steroids have not been studied, but extrapolating from epidural steroid injections, one would expect suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis lasting up to 4 weeks depending on the depot steroid used, and impaired insulin sensitivity manifesting as elevated glucose levels for less than a week.251,252 Although rare, a host of infections have been reported after intraarticular injections including septic arthritis, epidural abscess, and meningitis.253–255 Case reports of spinal anesthesia and postdural puncture headache have also been published.256,257

小关节间隙类固醇滞留所产生的代谢和内分泌作用也未见研究，但是从硬膜外类固醇注射可以推知，依据使用量的不同，其抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的时间可以持续4周。很多报道显示关节内注射后可以发生感染，但发生率较少，包括脓毒性关节炎，硬膜外脓肿及脑膜炎。也可见关于脊髓麻痹及穿刺后疼痛的报道。

RESULTS:①MRI scanning from coronal section: after 10 mL contrast-medium injection, in the center of medial knee joint, high visual signal was seen in the cavity of joint; after 15 mL contrast-medium injection, scanning between femora and patella, high visual signals were observed; after 20 mL contrast-medium injection, scanning by posterior internal and external condyle of knee, high visual signals were found in 80% of internal and external recess of posterosuperior of thighbone.

结果：①在膝关节冠状面MRI扫描：注入10 mL对比剂时，经膝关节内侧中点处，关节腔内均可见高信号；注入15 mL对比剂时，经股骨和髌骨间，关节腔内均可见高信号；20 mL对比剂时，经股骨内、外侧髁后缘处，80%股骨后上内、外侧隐窝内出现高信号。

But our study suggested that the innervation of knee joint had two layer groups : the superficial layer group and the profunda layer group.

浅层为皮神经，部分干较粗，容易形成皮神经瘤；深层可以分为伸膝肌支膝关节支组成的髌上区组，隐神经分支组成的内侧及髌下区组，腓总神经关节支组成的后外侧区组，月国丛神经组成的月国区组4组。4组神经在关节囊外分布有重叠交叉，但区域明确。

Therefore, reconstruction of joint function following ACL injury is focus on reconstruction of both joint biomechanical stability and proprioceptive sense.

因此提出前交叉韧带损伤关节功能的重建，不仅应包括关节生物力学稳定性的重建，而且还应有本体感觉的重建。

The rate of pseudarthrosis was 11% in single-level fusions and increased to 27% with multilevel fusions. Sixty-seven percent of patients with pseudarthrosis were symptomatic, with 17% requiring revision surgery.

单节段假关节发生率为11%，多阶段则高达27%。67%的假关节患者有神经症状，其中17%需行翻修手术。

Although there were 1.5 cm to 3 cm shortening deformity of extremity including another 2 cases of congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia and 5 cases of nonunion caused by chronic osteomyelitis, the function of joint was normal.

成功的2例先天性胫骨假关节以及5例慢性骨髓炎骨不连接，随访发现肢体有1.5～3.0 cm的短缩，但关节功能正常。

METHODS: 124 patients with RA were assessed at baseline and after 10 years with inflammatory markers calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serological variables antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP, IgA rheumatoid factor and IgM RF and radiographic and clinical assessments of joint damage hand radiographs and Rheumatoid Arthritis Articular Damage (RAAD score.

我们对患者在试验基线时和10年后分别进行了评估，测定其炎症标志物（钙卫蛋白、C反应蛋白CRP、红细胞沉降率ESR）水平，血清学变量（抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体Anti-CCP、IgA风湿因子RF、IgM风湿因子）水平，以及关节损害的放射影像学表现和临床表现（手部的X线片、风湿性关节炎关节损害RAAD评分）等。

Our in io findings suggest that specific rehabilitation protocols employing the dart thrower's motion could be designed to limit radiocarpal motion while proiding the benefits of maintaining wrist motion.

我们在活体内的发现表明投射运动专门的恢复记录应该是限制桡腕关节运动，这有利于维持腕关节的活动。

What would he tell Judith and the children?

他将怎样告诉朱迪丝和孩子们呢？

I this is at that time, the opinion with peacockish true girl is full of in a heart.

这就是当时的我，一个心中布满虚荣的女孩子真实的想法。