关系字符

There is relationship between reactivity and the number of active places on the char surfaces.

之间有反应和对字符的名额关系的积极面。

The construction of characters is a process,and the combination of sound,formation and meaning has a diachronic peculiarity.

字符的构建是一个过程，形、音、义的结合具有历时关系。

Chapter one is "Introduction". On the basis of summarizing the history of the study of the pictophonetic characters, we suppose some theoretical principle, such as the principle of the correspondence between the form and the meaning of the individual graph of Chinese characters, the principle of the total graphs of Chinese characters being a character-formation system, and the principle of the optimum development of the character -formation system in the history, and som analytic methods, such as the methods of structrue-function analysis, form-position analysis and meaning factor analysis, in the study of the pictophonetic characters. Chapter two is titled"General knwledge of the pictophonetic character." We discuss their origins, nature and some standards of distingnishing them, introduce the knowledge about the editions of SHUO WEN JIE ZI, analyse the functions of the modules of pictophonetic characters in detail, discuss concretely the function of phonetic graphs showing origins and pronunciations, the function of meaning graphs showing meanings and analogies, and the function of distinguishment when the two kinds of graphs are conbined. Chapter three is"The system of meaning graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."After we describe the structure of the meaning graph system, the relations between meaning graphs, the distributions of the function of meaning graphs showing meanings, and the frequency of all this kind of graphs, we get a table of all meaning graphs, a table of the frequency. Chapter four is"The system of phonetic graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."We describe the structure of the phonetic graph system, the relations between phonetic graphs, and between their function showing origins and their function showing pronunciations, and their frequency, then we get ageneral table of phonetic graphs and table of their frequency. Chapter five is "conclusion". We think that systematical methodology is useful in describing and analysing the formation system of Chinese characters. The methodology is adaptable in describing the formation system of modern Chinese characters as well as the historical character systems, adaptable in describing horizontally as well as comparing vertically. Only when we finish the systematical vertical compare on the base of systematical horizontal decription, could we know the true history of the system of Chinese characters, recover the rule of the system's development, and supply the theoretical supports for the scientifical arrangement of modern Chinese characters.

第一部分—绪论，在总结形声字研究历史状况的基础上，提出了研究形声系统的理论原则和分析方法，即汉字个体字符形义统一的思想，汉字字符集合构形系统的思想，汉字构形系统历史演变系统优化的思想等三项理论原则和结构功能分析法，形位分析法，义素分析法等三种分析方法，还扼要地介绍了具体的工作程序和论文的主要内容；第二部分—形声字概述，论述了形声字的来源、性质和鉴别标准，介绍了对《说文解字》正篆形声字说解中的传抄讹误，版本异文，说解错误校勘和考证的经过，详细分析了形声字构件的功能，具体讨论了声符的示源功能与示音功能，义符的示意功能与类化功能以及声符与义符组合中的相互区别功能；第三部分—小篆字系的义符系统，从义符系统的构成、义符间的相互关系，义符示意功能的分布及义符的构字频度等不同侧面，对义符系统进行了全面的描写，产生了义符总表、义符间意义关系总表和义符构字频度总表；第四部分—小篆字系形声字的声符系统，从声符系统的构成、声符间的相互关系，声符的示源功能与示音功能的关系以及声符的构字频度等不同侧面，对声符系统进行了全面描写，产生了声符总表和声符构字频度总表；第五部分—结束语，在全面测查小篆字系形声字的基础上，对研究汉字的方法和现代汉字发展方向的问题提出了一些看法，认为系统论的方法是描写和分析汉字构形系统行之有效的方法，系统论方法，不仅适用于历史上文字系统的描写，也适用于现代汉字构形系统的描写，不仅适用了断代描写，也适用于历史比较，只有在对汉字断代系统描写的基础上进行系统的历史比较，才能认清汉字系统历史演变的真相，揭示汉字系统发展的客观规律，为科学地整理现代汉字提供理论上的依据。

Firstly, the pretreatment of character to be recognized is researched, stressed discussing the subdivisional process of character, and a kind of fast shape preserving morphological thinning algorithm is used. In the following, how to construct the structure model on the basis of characteristic point sub-stroke and their interrelation is discussed, and a kind of method that describe sub-stroke through the feature of the sequence of curvature is brought forward. Finally, the paper adopts the recognising model of printing number that base on repository, and describes the constructing method of repository.

文中首先对待识别字符的预处理进行了研究，着重探讨了字符的细化过程，采用了一种基于数学形态学的保形的快速细化算法；接着探讨了如何以特征点和子笔段及其相互关系为基础构造结构模型，提出了一种以曲率序列性质描述子笔段的方法：最后采用了以知识库为基础的印刷体数字识别模型，并详细地描述了知识库的构造方法。

Refers to the relation of graphics to surrounding text, which may wrap around the graphic on one or both sides, be overprinted behind or in front of the graphic, or treat the graphic as a separate paragraph or character.

文字环绕指文字与图形的相对位置关系，文字可以在图形的一侧或者两侧排布，或者从上面或者下面贯穿图形，甚至把图形当作段落或者字符处理。

Because the print quality of cigarette forgery-proof symbols is directly related to the sales and the differentiation of counterfeit, the printed forgery-proof symbols have to be clear, lossless and exact.

卷烟防伪字符的打印质量直接关系到销售阶段与违规香烟产品的区分，因此要求打印的防伪字符必须清晰、完整、准确。

The relationships between characters and glyphs can be very complex, but won't be discussed in this document.

字符和字形之间的关系可能是非常复杂，本文不多述。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。