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In this dissertation, the mechanical behavior of the metal adhesively bonded composite joints under loading have been systematically investigated by numerical calculation methods and experiments, and effects of shape dimensions and physical parameters of joints on stress distribution and strength of adhesively bonded joints have been placed emphasis upon.

本文在对国内外关于金属-胶层复合材料接头力学性能数值研究及发展现状进行综述的基础上，运用有限元法并结合实验手段主要研究了胶接接头承载后的力学行为，综合考虑了几何尺寸和物性参数对接头强度和应力分布的影响，并运用层次分析法对胶接质量进行综合评估，综合考虑接头形式，制造工艺，操作人员素质等因素的影响。

The stress distribution of adhesively-bonded metal/metal single lap joints under tensile shear loading is analysed using elastic-plastic finite element method .The influence of lap length on the strength of adhesively bonded metal joints which are bonded with phenolic resin and acrylic resin respectively is discussed in detail. It is shown that adhesive has great influence on the stress distribution of the lap region. With the increment of lap length, the stress concentration of adhesive layer decreases.

本文在对国内外关于金属-胶层复合材料接头力学性能数值研究及发展现状进行综述的基础上，运用有限元法并结合实验手段主要研究了胶接接头承载后的力学行为，综合考虑了几何尺寸和物性参数对接头强度和应力分布的影响，并运用层次分析法对胶接质量进行综合评估，综合考虑接头形式，制造工艺，操作人员素质等因素的影响。

When the termination pressure in the reversible adiabatic expansion process is equal to that in the irreversible adiabatic expansion process, the external work in the former is equal to the expansion work, however that in the latter is less than the expansion work.

指出了文献[1]中关于闭口系统不可逆绝热过程分析存在的问题，认为闭口系统绝热膨胀过程对外所作的功等于热力学能降，而非膨胀功等于热力学能降。

That's an interesting choice of adjective.

这是道很有趣的关于形容词的选择。

We know that a Killing form is a trace form under adjoint represen-tation.

所谓killing型是指关于伴随表示的迹型。

In this paper,a systematic direct perturbation method of dark solitons is found.Having analyzed the mistakes in earlier works on perturbation method for dark solitonsand essence of the direct perturbation method for bright solitons,we notice that to in-troduce the adjoint solutions of the squared Jost solutions and to prove the completenessare crucial to the problem.Giving up the unnecessary scheme of introducing the adjointoperator in the bright soliton case,we directly find the adjoint solutions by meetingthe demand for the orthogonality that inner product of the squared Jost solutions andits adjoint should be proportional to a δ function in the case of continuous spectra.The corresponding adjoint operator is thus found.Taking into account the reductiontransformation,we find a correct description for the completeness of the squared Jostsolutions and directly verify its validity with explicit expressions of the squared Jostsolutions.

本论文建立了系统的暗孤子直接微扰方法，在对前人关于暗孤子微扰方法的错误以及亮孤子直接微扰方法的本质作了充分的分析后，认识到引入平方Jost解的伴随解和证明完备性是问题的关键，撇开过去亮孤子情况首先引入伴随算子的非必要作法，直接从平方Jost解与其伴随解的内积在连续谱时正比于δ函数这一正交性要求出发，找出了伴随解，同时得出了应有的伴随算子，在考虑到约化变换性后，得到了暗孤子情况的平方Jost解的完备性的正确表述，并在单个暗孤子的情况利用平方Jost解的显式直接验证了它的正确性。

In the second chapter, the problem of the optimal inputting rate control for a class of competitive population dynamics system with age-structure is discussed. By means of characteristic line, Gronwall Lemma, Bellman Lemma, adjoint system and so on, the Lipschitz continuity properties of the system in terms of the control variable is certificated, and the necessary condition of the optimal control is obtained.

第二章讨论了一类具有年龄结构的竞争种群系统最优输入率控制问题，综合应用特征线法，Gronwall引理，Bellman引理，共轭系统等知识，证明了系统解关于控制变量的Lipschitz连续性，给出了控制为最优的必要条件。

The author holds it is not reasonable that one can only use the adjoint of model in data assimilation.

关于伴随方法应用中只能利用模式的伴随的观点，作者认为是有疑问的，并提出了新的观点。

We give the fundamental solution of adjoint transport equation and take it into variational form.

给出伴随输运方程的基本解，再将其带入变分形式中，对关于空间和角度的两个积分进行化简。

If the litigation right is the theory at the starting point of lawsuit theory, then the civil adjudgment theory is the theory at the end of lawsuit theory.

如果说诉权论是关于诉讼出发点的理论，那么即判力理论可以说是诉讼终结点的理论。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。