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This course explores the history and debates over codifying the laws of probability, how probability theory applies to specific cognitive processes, how it relates to the human understanding of causality, and how new computational approaches to causal modeling provide a framework for understanding human probabilistic reasoning.

本课程探索关于概率法则形成的历史和争论，概率理论如何运用于具体的认知过程，它与人类对因果的理解有着怎样的关系，以及新的关于因果模型计算方法怎样为理解人类的概率推理过程提供了一个框架。

This course explores the history and debates over codifying the laws of probability, how probability theory applies to specific cognitive processes, how it relates to the human understanding of causality, and how new computational approaches to causal modeling provide a framework for understanding human probabilistic reasoning.

本课程探索关于概率法则形成的历史和争论，概率理论如何运用于具体的认知过程，它与人类对因果的理解有着怎样的关系，以及新的关于因果模型计算方法怎样为理解人类的概率推理过程提供了框架。

The subject of many of our films was the war, the atrocities of Nazism and the tragedies brought by communism… nonetheless,those once glorious figures have lost their coronas in my heart,my old crazy time also has gone...

我们很多电影的主题都是关于战争的，关于纳粹的暴行及共产主义带给我们的悲剧的。。。。尽管如此，那些曾经辉煌的形象已经褪去了他们在我心中的光环，我的那个曾经疯狂的时代也已经一去不复返。。。

Plagiarism disturbs me greatly, both because it corrodes my relationship with you as my students, and because it tells me things about China and Beida that neither you nor I want to hear.

这些剽窃行为让我非常苦恼，不但因为它损害了你我之间的师生关系，也因为它告诉了我一些关于北大、关于中国的事情，而这些事情是你我都不愿意听到的。

A united determination to do is worth more than divided counsels upon the method of doing.

关于行动的统一决心，比关于行动方法的有分歧的意见有价值。

This is really more about thinking about yourself and your own participation in cycles of consumption.

这是真的更多关于思想，关于你和你自己的参与，在周期的消费。

The bottles are refilled with dear champagne from another disgorged bottle, and the product is ready for final packaging and labeling .

再用另一个同样除去沉淀物的瓶中的澄清香槟酒液添满刚刚处理过的瓶子，香槟酒的生产过程就完成了，最后再进行包装，贴标签。关于烙印的观点与关于越轨行为及其标记的更广泛、更古老的思想是完全一致的。

It disserted Mao Zedong's analysis of China's working and peasant class, and the status and effects of worker-peasant alliance in China's revolution and construction.In the second part, the establishment, consolidation and development of the alliance of workers and peasants is disserted.

第二部分，论述了毛泽东关于工农联盟的建立、巩固和发展的思想，分别论述了毛泽东关于在民主革命时期在土地改革基础上、在民主革命胜利后在合作化基础上建立和巩固工农联盟，以及在社会主义条件下继续巩固工农联盟的思想。

Secondly, the author disserted the necessity and feasibility of the branch of bribery crime by the way of the theory connected with the practical, with the Masnoc"s theory of mankind"s necessity levels and through the requirement of our reality and the nature of the bribery crime and so on.

本文首先通过对部分国家和地区关于贿赂内容的立法例和我国学术界存在争议的三种观点进行了概要分析和比较研究，以期为完善我国关于贿赂内容的刑事立法提供可资借鉴的有益经验。

What those works deal with is all major issue modern American pay great attention to. His study of American diplomatic history responded to the rise of international standing of US after World War II. The Imperial President responded to the dispute of presidency after Watergate. The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society made known Schlesingers position in the dispute of Multiculturalism, which became increasingly intense in 1990s.

本文认为，小施莱辛格学术生涯后期的主要学术成果均同当代美国社会所关注的重大问题密切相关，如他自60年代开始对美国外交史中的相关问题进行的研究是对美国战后国际地位上升的回应，《帝王般的总统》是应&水门事件&在美国社会引发的关于总统职权的争议而写，而《美国的分裂：对多元文化社会的思考》则是在90年代愈演愈烈的关于&多元文化主义&争论中表明自己的立场。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。