共生现象

The book covers the latest advances of the fields of perception, transduction and responses to most biotic and abiotic signals met in a plant life, including light perception and transduction, wound- and mechanical signalling, the role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction, heat stress signalling, cold acclimatation, dehydration, salt stress, recognition and signalling in interactions between plant and bacteria, fungi, viruses, as well as Rhizobia-legumes interactions, rhizospheric signals, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, and plant-insect interactions.

该书内容覆盖了植物生命对大部分生物与非生物信号感知，传导和反应，包括光感知和传导，损伤和机械信号传导，活性氧在植物信号传导中的作用，热胁迫信号传导，冷适应，脱水，盐胁迫，植物与细菌，真菌，病毒相互作用中的识别和信号传导，以及根瘤菌与豆类的相互作用，球形根瘤菌的信号，外生菌根共生现象，和植物与昆虫之间的相互作用。

The presence of REE tetrad effects in apatites and whole rocks of S-type granites has been reported by Sha and Chappell (1999) and Zhao et al.(1999), respectively. The REE tetrad effect in minerals, such as apatite, spessartite, beryl, alkali feldspar and spodumene, from all zones of Altay No. 3 pegmatite has been found remarkable, and the fractionations among isovalent incompatible elements in these minerals are also significant. This paper puts forward that the REE tetrad effect is one of the basic features of peraluminous melts and the origin of REE tetrad effect might be probably related to some processes prior to the formation of pegmatite magma. The immiscibile liquid separation between silicate melt and hydrosaline melt may be responsible for it.

由于阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉各带磷灰石以及与其共生的石榴石、绿柱石、碱性长石、锂辉石矿物均存在明显的稀土"四重效应"以及相同电价、相似离子半径的不相容元素间存在显著的分异，并结合最近赵振华等(1999)和Sha and Chappell(1999)报道S型花岗岩全岩和单矿物(磷灰石、独居石、长石、黄玉等)均存在稀土"四重效应"这一现象，本文研究提出，稀土"四重效应"是富挥发分过铝质岩浆体系的一个基本特征，其机制既不可能由含稀土的副矿物早期结晶引起残余熔体相中REE含量变化的结果，也不能定性地归因于流体相与熔体相相互作用过程中稀土元素在流体/熔体之间分异的结果，而很可能与伟晶岩岩浆形成之前某些过程密切相关，S型花岗岩岩浆在液相线以上存在硅酸盐熔体与高盐熔体的不混溶液相分离有可能是过铝质岩浆体系产生稀土"四重效应"的主要原因。

By reviewing this, this chapter concludes that the intangible property protection and property law system are not commensal.

通过这种考察，本文主要想说明无体财产保护并不是与财产权制度共生的现象。

A sort of autonomous agent construction method based on adaptive symbiotic evolutionary model was proposed,and by using adaptive symbiotic evolution algorithmas an evolutionary reinforcement learning method,Which can design neural network decision making systems effectively. while at the same time this method can accelerate the learning and convergence speed in the behavior evolution problem of multi agent autonomous system,and it also prevents premature convergence and promotes population diversity.

文章研究了一类基于自适应共生进化模型的自主体构造方法，提出了基于自适应共生进化算法的一种进化强化学习方法，该方法不仅可以高效地进行神经网络决策系统的设计，而且在多自主体组成的自律系统的群体行为进化中可快速学习而收敛，并且通过多样度调节维持了群体多样性，克服了未成熟收敛现象。

This paper explained the function and the structure of graph symbolism in details, and proposed the special significance of the culture to the graph mark , it has proven the characteristic that the graph mark and the cultural is paragenesis altogether ,through the concrete socialphenomenon.

本文详细解读了图形符号系统的功能和结构，由此提出了文化之于图形符号的特殊意义，并通过具体的社会现象论证图形符号与文化的共生共融的特性。

It is nothing else than impurities prenatally inherent in ore that seriously affect the quality of the latter, which is formed as a result of geological vicissitudes including diastrophic movement, eruption of volcano, sedimentation, glaciation and weathering etc., under the action of which pyrogenic rocks, volcanic complex, aqueous rocks, sedimentary rocks etc., come into being, some of which exist in a stage of symbiosis, the main cause of the absence of pure rocks in nature, wherein lies the reason for the need of separation technology and apparatus, namely, ore-dressing devices and equipment, so far impotent to meet the requirements of metallurgical industry the scientists make every endeavor to elevate to a new high by laser separation.

没有什么比矿石形成之前就存在的杂质对矿石品质的影响更为重大。矿石是火成岩、火山群、水成岩、沉积岩等成形时，在包括地壳运动、火山爆发、沉积、冰蚀、风化等地质变化的作用下而形成的。而有些地质变化在一个发展阶段中存在共生现象。自然界无杂质岩石缺乏的主要原因在于需要分离技术和设备来完成，即：需要选矿设备和装置。而迄今为止，这些设备还难以适应冶金业的需要，虽然科学家们尽一切努力用激光分离技术将冶金业提高到一个新的高度。

The symbiosis between coral-inhabiting snail Coralliophila violacea and Porites spp.Different host specificity is commonn in symbiotic organism. Larval preference, post-settlement mortality and juvenile preference are the possible mechanisms.

共生生物的分布常有不同程度的专一性，而幼生时期的选择、著床后的死亡率、幼体或成体时期的选择可能是造成这种现象的机制，此外共生生物的适应会和宿主有密切的关系。

Coral reef bleaching, the ecological phenomenon of whitening of reefs, result from the loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae and /or a reduction in photosynthetic pigment concentrations in zooxanthellae residing within the gastrodermal tissues of host animals, and death of coral reef could be caused by serious bleaching.

珊瑚礁白化是由于珊瑚失去体内共生的虫黄藻或者共生的虫黄藻失去体内色素而导致五彩缤纷的珊瑚礁变白的现象，严重的白化可以带来珊瑚礁的死亡。

The origin of the eukaryote cell by symbiosis in several stages was not part of the evolutionary synthesis.

真核细胞起源于几个时期的共生现象这一假说，不属于进化综合论的组成部分。

Autoinducer_Ph-1 exploits a traditional rice cultivation technique from SE Asia where Azolla is grown in large quantities and used as an organic, nitrogen rich fertilizer in the rice paddies. A naturally occuring symbiosis between the water fern Azolla and the cyanobacteria Anabaena is reworked to force a real and a synthetic culture of bacterial cells to exhibit symbiotic behaviours.

自体诱导物 Ph-1 入侵了东南亚传统稻田施肥技术；大量有机生长的满江红原生植物，供给稻田所需的有机氮化物，水生蕨类的满江红、鱼腥蓝藻产生了共生的自然现象，其力量诱导人工细菌的细胞展现共生的行为。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失