共生物

In this work,atomic force microscopy,near-field scanning optical microscopy,laser scanning confocal microscopy and quantum dot labeling were used to investigate the biophysical properties(the parameters including morphology,membrane nanostructures,membrane pore, friction distribution,adhesion properties,specific interaction of antigen-antibody,distribution mode of membrane receptors and so on) of T lymphocytes stimulated by phorbol dibutyrate plus ionomycin at nanoscale.

本论文基于AFM和NSOM，结合量子点标记及激光共聚焦等技术，以人外周血T淋巴细胞为研究对象，在纳米尺度研究了活化前后以及不同活化阶段T细胞生物物理特性的变化，即细胞形态结构、膜表面纳米结构、膜孔变化、膜表面摩擦力分布、膜表面粘附特性、抗原-抗体间特异性相互作用力、膜表面受体分子分布模式等。

Subsequently, the methods for preparing electrochemical sensors and immobilizing bioactive molecules and their application in electroanalytical chemistry were also summarized.

全文共分五章： 1、绪论首先评述了各种类型模拟酶的研究、应用及发展，然后评述了电化学传感器的制备方法、生物活性分子的固载方法及在电分析化学中的应用。

Detailed biostratigraphic study reveals that the sequence could contain 3 Ostracoda assemblages, 3 Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda assemblages and 8 sporopollen assemblages, whose ages are discussed on the basis of radioactive dating.

通过详细的生物地层学研究，共划分出 3个介形虫化石组合带、3个瓣鳃类及腹足类化石组合带和 8个孢粉组合带，结合各组同位素年龄数据，对其形成时代进行了探讨。

Supported solid bases and metal oxide catalysts were prepared successfully by isochoric impregnation and the co-precipitation method, and were used for synthesis of biodiesel from transesterification of rapeseed oil and methanol. The high active solid base catalysts: KF/Al2O3, ZnO/La2O3 and La2O3 were found in this paper.

本文用等体积浸渍法和共沉淀法制备了负载型和金属氧化物型固体碱催化剂，并应用于催化菜籽油与甲醇酯交换合成生物柴油的反应，筛选出了高活性的KF/Al2O3，ZnO/La2O3和La2O3三种固体碱催化剂。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphous structure, mechanical test, biocompatibility of electrospun gelatin fibers.

主要观察指标：共混静电纺明胶纳米纤维的形态结构、力学性能、生物相容性。

019 Bacteria were detected by Miroarray in MBR. Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum. It had 657 OTUs, occupying 64.5% of the total bacteria.

结果表明，膜生物反应器具有较高的微生物多样性，Microarray共检测到1 019种微生物。

Integrated analysis based on stratigraphy, sedimentary facies and paleophysiography data indicate that small basin-mountain pairs formed in the Kuche Basin during early Mesozonic, and large basin-mountain pairs.

地层、沉积相，生物古地理等综合分析表明库车盆地中生代早期形成了小波长盆山共轭对，中晚期为大波长盆山对。

After the cell growth curves was recorded, RPE cells of the 3-5th passages were utilized. 2、Three different siRNA (siRNAl,siRNA2,siRNA3) targeting against human cx43 gene and one negative control siRNA were designed and transfected into cultured human RPE cells via liposome reagent. The most effective siRNA can be determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCRRT-PCR. 3、To the most effective siRNA, after transfected into human RPEs with different concentration, the cellular proliferate activities were messured by MTT colorimetry ; the percentages of RPE in different cell circle phase was assayed by FCM; the changes of phenotypical properities were observed with SCM; the protein expression of cx43 was studied through immunocytochemistry stain and Weston blot; the communication intercellular was calculated with FRAP; and the ability of recovery was assessed by using an in vitro wound healing model.4、The total proteins of siRNA1 and RPE were seperated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Proteins with significant expression alterations were selected and their peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flying mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).The PMFs were used to search NCBInr database by Auto MS-Fit software.

实验方法：1、培养原代的人RPE细胞，经过细胞角蛋白、S-100和神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白免疫细胞化学鉴定后，通过AO/PI染色技术确定培养细胞的存活率，描记其生长曲线，第3-5代用于以下细胞实验2、生物合成针对人cx43基因的三条小干扰RNA和一条阴性RNA通过脂质体转染RPE细胞后，通过RT-PCR的方法确定抑制效率最高的干扰片断3、将该片段以不同浓度通过阳离子脂质体转染培养的人RPE细胞后，采用MTT法观察其对细胞的增殖力的作用；通过流式细胞仪观察其对细胞周期的影响；通过扫描电镜观察其对细胞形态的影响；通过免疫细胞化学和Weston blot观察其对cx43蛋白表达的作用；采用激光共聚焦和荧光淬灭恢复技术观察荧光恢复速率平均百分率，评价其对细胞间通讯功能的影响；通过制作RPE细胞损伤模型，观察其对损伤修复能力的作用4、分离纯化转染siRNA的RPE组和正常对照组RPE细胞的全部蛋白质，应用等电聚焦电泳和SDS-PAGE双向电泳技术，银染显示分离出的蛋白质斑点，经凝胶图像分析软件对两个样本进行胶图分析，寻找差异蛋白点。

The hemolysis rate is no more than 0.05% and no pyrogenetic reaction after injecting extracting solution into vein of rabbit.

生物相容性评价：ICHA水泥浸提液和试件与骨髓基质细胞共培养，细胞生长形态良好，数量逐渐增加，细胞毒性反应为0—Ⅰ级，基本无毒性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。