共生

Tricholoma may be a paraphyletic genus two. The collections identified as T. caligatum is a mixture. Some parts of them from France are members of T. matsutake, the other parts from North America are closed to T. bakamatsutake and T. fulvocastaneum. Tricholoma robustum and T. focale form a clade which is obviously a sister group of the stirp Subannulate. The stirp Caligata was defined as a group mainly on the basis of the predominant veil. But from the result of molecular systematic analysis, the presence of veil is not a stable character in the matsutake group. Species having symbiosis with conifers and broad leaf tree are all transformed from those whose host specificity is not strict. The phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences resembled the tree of NJ algorithm based on cladistic coding. In the phylogenetic tree based on morphylogical characters, T. zangii and T. bakamatsutake form a clade, but it is the result of convergent evolution as suggested by molecular analyses. The distribution area of the matsutake group can be divided into six regions: middle and northern Europe region, Mediterranean region, Hengduan Mount.— Southeastern Tibet region, Northeastern China—Japan—Far-east Russia region, the Atlantic—North America region and the Rocky Mountain region. The abundance center of the matsutake group are Hengduan Mount.—Southeastern Tibet region and the Rocky Mountain region. Hengduan Mount.

松口蘑群的分子系统学研究得出的结果有：由于粗壮口蘑和羽衣口蘑明显和亚环族(Tricholoma，section subannulate)的种类是来自同一个谱系，和其它松口蘑群的种不具有最近共同祖先，因此松口蘑群是一个多系群；松口蘑群和口蘑属其他种类的亲缘关系比和蜜环菌属更接近；梭柄松苞菇和松口蘑群的差距明显小于油黄口蘑(T.flavovirens)和棕灰口蘑；口蘑属是一个多系群；鉴定为欧洲口蘑的标本明显不是一个单系群，其中一部分是松口蘑，另一部分和黄褐口蘑及傻松口蘑(T.bakamatsutake)比较接近；划分松口蘑群的标准是菌环的存在，但从分子系统学的结果来看，菌环的存在与否并非是一个很稳定的性状；和针叶树专性共生及和阔叶树专性共生均由寄主专化性不强的种类转化而来；在形态学系统发育树上青冈口蘑和傻松口蘑被聚为一个分枝，分子系统学的研究结果表明，这是趋同进化的结果；用支序方法编码作出的NJ树的结果更接近ITS序列的结果。

She admitted taking part in a deadly bank robbery while she was a member of the Symbionese Liberation Army, most notorious for kidnapping newspaper heiress Patty Hearst.

她承认作为当时共生解放军成员时参与了一起致命的银行抢劫案。这个共生解放军最臭名昭著的事件是绑架了报业女继承人帕蒂赫斯特。

To obtain genetic stable strain, we evaluated the clearance of symbionts in tsetse, impact of vitamin supplement on fly fertility and relationship between symbiont and trypanosome infection.

为了获得稳定的遗传株，我们还研究了如何清除苍蝇的共生菌，如何添加维生素来维持苍蝇的生育能力以及共生菌对锥虫感染的影响。

Under the guidance of systematology, this paper take advantage of a research method of combining development analysis and comparative analysis qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, theoretical analysis and positive analysis. In the background of urban construction, it is intended to build a frame about study of city's sustainable development from symbiosis theory.

在研究过程中，本文借鉴了城市经济、可持续发展、共生理论等领域已有的研究成果，以系统思想为指导，采用定性分析与定量分析相结合、归纳与演绎相结合、理论分析与实证分析相结合等方法，以城市化为背景，建构了我国城市可持续发展过程中建立共生关系的研究框架。

In this paper, the progresses acquired in the studies of natural analogy are summarized, including a comparison of structural properties, radiation damage and chemical composition between uraninite and UO2, combination and paragenesis of alteration products of uraninite, chemical composition of uraninite and its secondary phases, mobility of analogy elements in the process of uraninite alteration. In addition, the problems in next studies are pointed out, e. g., characterization of micro-structure of secondary uranium minerals, high-resolution analyses of trance elements distributed in original and secondary uranium minerals using laser microprobe analyzer, composition of underground water, simulation experiments.

系统地总结了天然类比研究的现状，包括沥青铀矿与UO2的可比性、沥青铀矿风化产物的共生组合和共生次序、沥青铀矿及其风化产物的化学成分特征、沥青铀矿风化过程中类比元素的迁移性等；并初步指出了进一步研究的方向，如铀酰矿物的微结构研究、类比元素在沥青铀矿和铀酰矿物中分布的激光探针研究、地下水成分分析、模拟实验等。

There could be some other mechanisms which control the color display of reef corals. Also during the process of bleaching, the total photopigment of zooxanthella per unit polyp had decreased, and chlorophyll a and peridinin were decreased the most significantly.

实 验结果显示颜色的差异并非因色素量的燮化所造成而是其它的机制所控制，白化过程中除了共生藻数目逐日减少外，共生藻外表形态和色素的组成都有显著的变化。

So far as we know, the ants which rely on fungi as a dominant food source belong to Attini and Solenopsidini, while most attine cultivar fungi are members of genus Leucoagaricus and Leucocoprinus (Basisiomycotina: Agaricales: Lepiotaceae), with a minority belonging to members of Ascomycotina and Deuteromycotina.

蚂蚁与真菌间的共生关系已具有长达5000多万年的协同进化历史，迄今已知的与真菌共生的蚂蚁主要为爱特蚁族和火蚁族的种类，而蚂蚁培养的真菌主要属于担子菌亚门伞菌目环柄菇科白环蘑属和白鬼伞属，少数种类属于子囊菌亚门和半知菌亚门。

Alnus neplalensis -Frankia may serve as one of reservoir species for strains of Frankia symbiosing with other actinorhizal plants in Yunnan.

在云南，旱冬瓜中共生的Frankia是共生于其它放线菌根植物的种子储备库。

The authigenetic minerals' paragenetic sequence of paragenetic association III of outcrop sandstones is supergene leaching process-kaolinite-calcite- limonite.

露头砂岩的成岩共生组合III中自生矿物共生序列为：表生淋滤作用－高岭石地开石化－方解石-菱铁矿褐铁矿化。

We conclude that the phylogeny of Buchnera and its host M. persicae are co-evolutional based on our previous and present studies.

综合我们以前的研究分析桃蚜及其内共生菌Buchnera的系统进化关系，发现桃蚜与其内共生菌是协同进化的。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。