共犯

On the basis of analyzing their concept and constitute, the author commits the existence of successive principal, successive accessory, but the existence of successive instigator is impossible, because abetment is the cause of criminal will and can only be applied before criminal acts, but the characteristic of successive accomplice is that perpetrator has begun to proceed with the implementation of crime, so the abetment is impossible.

论文第四部分是对承继共犯刑事责任的认定。笔者首先介绍了共犯承担刑事责任的一般情形，并对其作了简单的展开和论述。

After disputing for the long time, scholars in German, Japan and China accepted the conclusion that the abettor\'s character is appurtenant to the actors because the abettor has no unattached action but appurtenant to the actors.

为了调和"共犯独立性说"与"共犯从属性说"之间的矛盾并试图克服二者的缺陷，我国有学者在上世纪80年初提出了"教唆犯二重性说"。

The viewpoint that thinks the abettor\'s character is appurtenant to the actors couldn\'t solve the abettor\'s criminal liability because he couldn\'t know the basic character of act in joint-crime.

经过长期争论，德、日以及我国刑法理论和实践多接受"共犯从属性"这一结论，根本理由就在于共犯没有独立的行为、不法与罪责。

The theory of one-sided joint crime is in a dilemma in our country. The assistor by omission also faces the same problem.

片面共犯理论在我国处于两难的境地，对于片面共犯理论存在的问题，不作为的片面帮助犯同样面临着。

This article is composed of three parts: The first is the establish grounds of assistor by omission. In my view, firstly, the assistor by omission belongs to its own theory in China. We should not deny its complicity character, just because there are the difficulties in distinction between assistor by omission and criminal omission.

本文共分为三部分：一、不作为帮助犯的成立依据笔者认为，在中国，不作为帮助犯有其应有的理论归属，不能因为在不作为犯罪中存在区别正犯与共犯的困难，就否定其共犯的性质，将其另划为一个独立的犯罪形态。

There is an analysis of the conception and composition of a conspiratorial formation in this part.

第四章是职务型单位经济犯罪的共犯形态，对共犯的概念、构成等进行辨析。

On the basic of the theories of subordinateness of accomplices and the independence of accomplices, my thesis put forward new viewpoint in the satisfaction and extension of instigation.

除我国刑法规定的"被教唆人未犯教唆的罪"为典型的教唆未遂之外，教唆未遂可以分为行为未遂、目的未遂和结果未遂三类，其中又分为成立共犯关系的教唆犯与非共犯的教唆犯。

The author deviled the organizing offender into the type of being on the spot and behind the scenes, inside the bloe and outside the bloe, organizing and unorganizing according to whether the person to be on the criminal scene while crime to be committed.

现场的组织犯是犯罪的现场组织者，幕后的组织者已是犯罪的幕后组织者。犯罪集团的组织犯包括一般犯罪集团中的组织犯和黑社会组织中的组织犯。非集团中的组织犯包括犯罪团伙中的组织犯和二人特殊共犯中的组织犯。全部责任的组织犯对共犯者的犯罪承担全部责任，部分责任组织犯对共犯者的犯罪承担部分责任。

We think , as to common criminal offence, on one hand, it is not the simple summation of each accomplice's behavior, but is the whole which is shown as the organic connection of each accomplice's behavior, can't think accomplice a certain so long as passivism stop crime can make oneself break away from complicity and establish crime discontinue among them; On the other hand, though the common criminal offence is the whole of an organic connection, it is but such and organic last behavior per accomplice each other at complicity connection with, interdepend, relation not complement each other, if a certain accomplice stops the crime for the intention that is discontinued , and prevent other accomplices from utilizing its previous behavior to continue implementing the crime effectively, break this kind of relation or dispel undoubtedly , prevent from accomplice this behavior is it lead to the fact danger to the society to continue before too, so, among them stop the behavior to be regarded as the crime and discontinued .

我们认为，对于共同犯罪行为而言，一方面，它并不是各个共犯行为的简单相加，而是表现为各个共犯行为有机联系的整体，因此不能认为其中某个共犯只要消极停止犯罪就可使自己脱离共同犯罪而成立犯罪中止；另一方面，尽管共同犯罪行为是一个有机联系的整体，但这种有机联系在共同犯罪内部则表现为各个共犯行为的互相利用、互相依赖、相辅相成的关系，如果某个共犯出于中止的意图停止犯罪，并有效地阻止其他共犯利用其先前的行为继续实施犯罪，则无疑使这种关系中断或消除，也就避免了该共犯的先前行为继续对社会造成危害，因此，其中止行为应视为犯罪中止。

Civil law countries regard conducting criminals as principal criminals and accessory criminals and abettors as joint offenders.

大陆法系国家将共同犯罪中的实行犯称为正犯，将共同犯罪中的帮助犯和教唆犯称为共犯，共同犯罪人之间的关系就是共犯与正犯的关系。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。