共溶剂

The excited and emission spectra of anthrone derivative, lactoflavin and chlorophyll a in different solvents are taken and the fluorescence yields has been estimated. The results show that the emission spectrum depends on the structure of molecule, and shifts to red with increasing of number of π electrons in the molecule.It is...

本文通过考察三种具有不同π电子数的有机共轭分子在不同溶液中的光谱特性，观察其激发光谱和发射光谱的变化情况，比较同一分子在不同溶液中的荧光量子产率，并通过对各类有机共轭分子溶液的光谱分析比较，以获得有机共轭分子的发光受溶剂影响以及同一溶液中不同有机共轭分子间发生非辐射共振能量转移的信息。

The specific properties of materials, such as the palate adhesion, dynamic cruor, anti-bacterial and the degradability of lysozyme, were studied, which provide valuable data for further application. The main creative ideas are listed as follows:(1) The water-retention chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol blend fiber was obtained by coagulating in 10％ NaOH/ethanol solution, and the blend and crosslink due to GA can enhance the mechanical properties of fiber;(2) The controlled degradable chitosan/gelatin blend fiber was obtained by solution filature, and the mechanical properties were improved;(3) The N-acylchitosan with the different degree of substitution were successfully prepared, and the relationship between structure and properties was estabilished;(4) By a new solvent system of 6％ NaOH/4％ urea for cellulose, the blood anti-coagulant function films were prepared by blending cellulose with chitin;(5) In the same solvent system above mentioned, the anti-bacterial blend films based on cellulose and carboxymethyl-chitosan were prepared, and the relationship of DS and the anti-bacterial property was concluded;(6) The controlled degradable chitosan films was obtained by the chemical crosslink.

本论文的主要创新点：（1）以NaOH水溶液／无水乙醇为凝固液，采用溶液纺丝法制备出保水性壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇纤维，共混和戊二醛交联极大提高了壳聚糖纤维力学性能；（2）用壳聚糖和明胶共混，以溶液纺丝法制备出可控降解的壳聚糖／明胶纤维，并大幅度提高了壳聚糖共混纤维的干、湿态抗张强度；（3）确立了不同取代度N-酰基壳聚糖的合成方法及其膜的结构与性能的关系；（4）利用纤维素新溶剂6％NaOH／4％尿素制备出抗凝血性纤维素／甲壳素共混膜；（5）利用上述纤维素新溶剂制备出抗菌性纤维素／羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜，揭示了羧甲基壳聚糖取代度与抗菌性能的关系；（6）制备出可控降解壳聚糖交联膜。

From the photophysical behaviors of 1, 3, 4-triaryl-2pyrazoline compound (TPP16) at low temperature, it can be considered that the twisted configuration between pyrazoline ring and the non-substituted phenyl group on the position 1 is the fluorescence configuration of conjugated system Ⅰ, and the twisted configuration between pyrazoline ring and P-nitrobenzene group is fluorescence configuration of conjugated system Ⅱ.

研究了1，3，4-三芳基-2-吡唑啉化合物TPP16在低温时的发光情况，发现：在低温77K下，共轭体系Ⅰ(苯基-N1-N2＝C3-苯基)在非极性溶剂中不发荧光，在极性溶剂中有较强荧光发射；而共轭体系Ⅱ(N1-N2＝C3-C4＝对硝基苄叉)在非极性溶剂或极性溶剂中均有荧光发射，表明N1所联取代基与吡唑啉环相扭曲的构象是共轭体系Ⅰ的发光构象，而对硝基苄叉与吡唑啉环相扭曲的构象是共轭体系Ⅱ的发光构象。

The operation parameters include different starfruit weight, flow rate, extraction time, extraction pressure, extraction temperature, different addition volume of ethanol cosolvent, ethanol concentration and other extraction way.

以杨桃量、泄压流速、萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度、共溶剂乙醇的添加量与不同萃取方式等为操作变因，配合一次一变因法来进行探讨，以找出最佳萃取条件。

DM is mainly used as high-boiling point solvent for printing ink, dyestuff, resin, cellulose and painting.

二乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯有着十分高的沸点，主要用于高温烤瓷以及印刷油墨的高沸点溶剂，也用作乳胶漆的助聚结剂；由于该溶剂挥发速度很慢，在水中溶解度低，所以可作为丝网印刷油墨的溶剂，以及聚苯乙烯涂料印花釉的溶剂；也可作为共沸剂用于醇与酮的分离。

The results showed that co-solvent THF had a significant impact on the reaction and methyl ester increased.

结果表明：较低的温度下，共溶剂四氢呋喃加入反应体系后，生物柴油的收率有显著的提高。

According to the orthogonal experiments, the optimal transesterification conditions for rapeseed oil and methanol catalyzed by sodium methoxide were obtained: molar ratio of methanol to oil 6:1, amount of catalyst CH3ONa 1.2% of the oil weight, molar ratio of the cosolvent isopropylether to oil 1.2:1, reaction temperature 60℃, reaction time 80 min, the low speed of mixing intensity 120 rad/min, The yield of biodiesel was 96.45%.

通过正交试验得出菜籽油与甲醇酯交换反应的最优条件为：醇油比为6：1，甲醇钠催化剂用量为油重的1.2%，共溶剂与油的摩尔比为1.2：1，反应温度60℃，反应时间80min，低速120r/min搅拌强度下，转化率达到96.45%。

The lithium ion batteries with this electrolyte showed the capacity retentions about 99.6%,98.0%,91.1%,81.3% and 58.0%of its charge capacity obtained at room temperature when discharged at-20℃,-30℃,-40℃,-50℃and -60℃,respectively.

对化成后的电极表面进行了电化学阻抗、扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱分析，对添加剂与低温共溶剂的复合作用机理进行了初步探讨。

And we established six new synthetic routes to nanostructured materials, such as (1) solvothermal element direct reaction,(2) organic solvent room-temperature conversion,(3) solvothermal co-reduction,(4) solvothermal self-reduction,(5) mid-temperature reduction-Pyrolysis-Catalysis,(6) hydrothermal chemical self-regulation, etc. Successfully synthesized over twenty kinds of semiconductor, InAs, InSb, diamond, CdS, ZnSe, CdSe, CdTe, HgSe, HgTe, ZnGa〓O〓 and so on.

建立了溶剂热元素直接反应、有机溶剂室温转化、溶剂热共还原、溶剂热自还原、中温热解催化合成、水热化学反应自控制等六种纳米材料合成新方法，成功地合成出InAs、InSb、金刚石、CdS、ZnSe、CdSe、CdTe、HgSe、HgTe、ZnGa〓O〓等二十余种半导体纳米材料。

But with the increase of mol% of the cosolvent, the critical pressure of ternary system close to a constant value.

但是三元体系的临界压力随着共溶剂浓度的增加，趋于一个固定值。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。