共同诉讼

If the principal and the agent assume the joint and several liability, they shall be co-litigants.

被代理人和代理人承担连带责任的，为共同诉讼人。

In order to explain demonstrablythe meanings of common joint action and expurgate the types of joint action whichare easy to be confused, this section discusses several situations which could beexisted in practice.

为了更为明确地阐释普通共同诉讼制度的含义，廓清容易混淆的共同诉讼类型，本节还讨论了数种实践中可能存在的情形。

On January 11, 2007, Rochon Genova LLP commenced a proposed class action in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against Dell Canada Inc.

美国东部时间1月15日（北京时间1月16日）据外电的最新报道称，加拿大多伦多一家名为Rochon Genova LLP的法律公司上周五在安大略省高等法院对戴尔加拿大提起共同诉讼。

The litigants of one party involving many people in a joinder may name a representative to handle the litigation .

当事人一方人数众多的共同诉讼，可以由当事人推选代表人进行诉讼。

Where the litigants of one party in a joinder have common rights and obligations regarding the litigant objects, the litigant acts of one of them are binding on the others if the latter recognize the acts

共同诉讼的一方当事人对诉讼标的有共同权利义务的，其中一人的诉讼行为经其他共同诉讼人承认，对其他共同诉讼的发生效力

It is sure that in common law countries deal with joint action as system joinder ofparties, which directly brings it into the scope of litigant subject and is more familiarin pleading procedure.

当然，英美国家更多地是把共同诉讼制度称为当事人合并制度加以认识和处理，这种方式直接把这一制度纳入诉讼主体的范围，因而更多地见之于诉辩程序之中。

In China, civil procedure law can t classify the necessary jointer, but the procedure theorists think that are two kinds of necessary joint actions.

我国法律对必要共同诉讼未作进一步的分类，同时立法和理论都认为必要共同诉讼包括两种类型。

One is the action which the jointer's relation is common,in the other the jointer's relation is joint.

其一是共同诉讼人之间是共有关系；其二必要共同诉讼人之间是连带关系。

In America all qualifying claimants are presumed to be part of a class action unless they opt out of it.

在美国，所有具备资格的申请者都被认为共同诉讼的一部分，除非他们选择不参与该诉讼。

As to the properness of the party,the sole decisive element is impartiality and representation.The properness of the defendant shall be taken into account with the corporation's litigation status and the corporation is deemed as a joint—action party.

在当事人适格方面，决定原告资格的惟一条件是股东的公正性和代表性；被告的适格问题必须与公司的诉讼地位一并考虑，公司在股东代表诉讼中处于共同诉讼的参加人。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。