共同地

In the long term, China's national interests in developing bilateral relations lie in three aspects: firstly, to further consolidate security trust and extend security cooperation between the two nations, It will guarantee long-term stability for China's northern frontiers; secondly, in the process of social transformation, both can learn from each other, adhere to democracy and law with their own characteristics, further advocate diversity of world civilization, and promote a multipolar world; thirdly, both can make hest use of economic complementarities between them to map out common strategy, strive for common develop, and realize common prosperity.

在未来很长的历史时段里，中俄关系中的中国国家利益在于：进一步巩固中俄两国的安全信任，拓展中俄两国的安全合作，确保中国北疆的长治久安；在社会转型的过程中与俄相互学习、相互借鉴，坚持走有本国特色的民主、法治之路，进一步倡导世界文明的"多样性"，推动世界格局的"多极化"；最大限度地利用中俄两国的经济互补性，制订共同战略，争取共同发展，实现共同繁荣。

Then the article introduce the concept and characteristic of the tenancy,the joint tenancy based on another relationship except porperty relationship.On the basic the article analyse the difference between the tenance in comman and joint tenancy,and analyse the character and the special in the civil body.

接着对共同共有的概念与特征进行探讨，认为对共同共有的理解要客观地看到共同共有以存在财产关系以外的另外的一种法律关系为前提或基础，认为共同财产为服务其他关系而进行的制度设计。

In calculated crime of joint crime, the paper discusses on the relationship between collusion without perpetration and calculated crime and points out that the person who only colludes but does not perpetrate belongs to co-offender and usually not belongs to co-principal offender. But we shall not always cognize these offenders to be calculated criminal ,we shall analyze their criminal formations combining the concrete situation .

在共同犯罪预备状态中，笔者讨论了共谋而未实行与共同犯罪预备状态的关系，认为共谋而未实行者属于共同犯罪人，且一般不属于共同犯罪的正犯，但不能简单地以行为人所实行的共谋行为属于犯罪预备行为而一概认定其处于犯罪预备状态，而应结合具体情况具体分析。

It is embodied concretely:(1) With the adoption of grouting bolts, the cranny in wall rocks can be blocked up, the air can be isolated, the wall rocks can be prevented to be weatherized and make water, the strength of wall rocks can also be avoided to be lowered;(2) The lax broken wall rocks are commentated to a whole by liquid after they were grouted and the rock"s strength is increased, so the wall rocks become a part of the support structure by using itself and become a whole with the original rock, and the roadway is made to keep stable but not easy to be broken;(3) The spray layer wall are filled with liquid after grouting, the stress is avoided to be concentrated because the load could be evenly acted on the spray layer and the support;(4) The pressure acted on the plank can be delivered to the two sidepieces and then to the bottom by reinforcing the sidepiece; At the same time, the concentration degree of loads acted on the motherboard can be weaken because of the enlargement of the combination arch"s thickness, as result, the rock"s stress is lowered and the heaving is alleviated;(5) The common bolt is made to be fixed the whole length after grouting, the layers are connected to a integral whole and bear the weight of loads, so the support structure"s unity is increased.

具体体现在：(1)采用注浆锚杆注浆，可以利用浆液封堵围岩裂隙，隔绝空气，防止围岩风化，且能防止淋水和渗水，避免围岩被水浸湿而降低围岩的本身强度及造成的巷道变形。(2)注浆后浆液将松散破碎的围岩胶结成整体，提高了岩体强度，实现利用围岩本身作为支护结构的一部分，且与原岩形成一个整体，使巷道保持稳定而不易产生破坏；(3)注浆后使得喷层壁后充填密实，保证荷载能均匀地作用在喷层和支护上，避免出现应力集中点而首先破坏；(4)注浆后使作用在顶板上的压力能有效地传递到两帮，通过对帮的加固，又能把荷载传递到底板；同时由于组合拱厚度的加大，这样又能减小作用在底板上的荷载集中度，从而减小底板岩石中的应力，减轻底臌；(5)注浆加固后能使普通端锚锚杆实现全长锚固，它们共同将多层组合拱连成一体，共同承载，提高了支护结构的整体性。

At the same time, it produced a series of imaginings that became deeper and deeper – it was like a hypothetical point that allowed me to be completely immersed in the actual cultural background. Various human weaknesses have certain solemn and stirringly dramatic elements. In order to adapt to the basic visual experience, in order to allow the audience to easily accept and enjoy the underlying elements of the work, I intentionally left white spaces, they looked like hints in a guessing game. The viewer who understands would have a good laugh after becoming suddenly enlightened. This enables the viewer and me to have a sort of conspiratorial relationship, its meaning does not reside in the painting itself, but in the shared cultural background of myself and the audience as well as the shared attitude of such a cultural background. This makes it believable, a hidden bridge, often in a somewhat clear yet somewhat mysterious moment, two strangers who have never met are able to achieve a profound understanding, like that happiness of suddenly catching someone when playing hide and seek as a child ...

同时，阐发了一系列的联想，并使之不断地深入，它就像一个假设的点，将我置身于整个现实文化背景之中，这里人的种种缺陷带有某种悲壮成分的戏剧性，为了适应基本的视觉经验，为了使观众一目了然地接受并乐于体味作品中的潜在因素提供某种线索，我留有一些空白，它类似猜谜游戏中的启示，能使会心的观众茅塞顿开后一场哑然失笑，能使我和观众之间形成一种合谋关系，其意义不在画面本身，而在于我和观众之间存有共同的现实文化背景，以及对这种文化背景所持有的共同态度，它也就是有了可信性，就像冥冥中桥梁，常常在时而明晰时而神秘的一瞬，两个素昧平生的陌生人之间突然达到了心领神会的境地，如同儿时捉迷藏游戏中突然捉到对方时的开心……。

With those, too, not yet rallied to the same point, the disposition to do so is gaining strength; facts are piercing through the veil drawn over them; and our doubting brethren will at length see, that the mass of their fellow citizens, with whom they cannot yet resolve to act, as to principles and measures, think as they think, and desire what they desire; that our wish, as well as theirs, is, that the public efforts may be directed honestly to the public good, that peace be cultivated, civil and religious liberty unassailed, law and order preserved; equality of rights maintained, and that state of property, equal or unequal, which results to every man from his own industry, or that of his fathers.

而且，对那些尚未与我们站在同一基点上的人来说，团结意向也在日益增强；事实正在穿透挡在他们眼前的帷幕，我们这些疑虑重重的兄弟们最终会明白，虽然他们目前尚不能决定就何种原则和在何种程度上与广大公民同胞们一起行动，但他们相互之间的想法和愿望都没有什么不同；我们与他们的共同愿望乃是，大家齐心协力，共同忠诚地为大家的共同利益而奋斗，促进和平，保证公民自由和宗教自由不被侵犯，捍卫法律和秩序，维护各项权利的平等，以及维护财产的现状——不论其平等与否，只要它来自个人的勤劳或其父辈劳动的结晶。

Therefore, depecage shall be adopted. The following rules are suggested: 1the existence, scope, duration and transferability of copyright and the unlawfulness in copyright infringement shall be governed by the law of the place where the works are effectively used. 2 Initial ownership of copyright works shall be governed by lex originis except works for fire, which should be governed by the laws that govern the employment contracts. 3 Contractual aspects of transfer of copyright through exploitation licenses or assignment should be governed by the laws chosen by the parties; in absence of choice, they shall be governed by the law of the country with which the contract is most closely connected (based on characteristic performance). 4 The legal consequences of the infringement shall be governed by the law expressly chosen by the parties; in absence of choice, it shall be governed by the law of common place of residence or main place of business; in absence of above common place, it shall be governed by the law of the country most closely connected.

因此，在具体的版权纠纷中，应当根据案件的性质做出具体的识别，相对应的，版权冲突规范也应当采用分割制的方法，现总结并建议采用下面的规范，即：1版权的客体、权利范围、保护期、可转让性和版权侵权行为构成依版权有效使用地法；2版权的初始归属依作品来源国法；但是雇佣作品的初始版权归属依调整雇佣合同的准据法；3版权的转让和许可合同适用依当事人选择的法，如果当事人没有选择，根据特征履行适用与当事人和合同有最密切联系的法；4版权的侵权责任问题应当依有关当事方明示选择的法律；如果当事人未做出选择，应当依据当事人共同的住所或者主要营业地法；如果没有当事人共同的住所或者主要营业地，应当依与当事人有最密切联系的法。

We think , as to common criminal offence, on one hand, it is not the simple summation of each accomplice's behavior, but is the whole which is shown as the organic connection of each accomplice's behavior, can't think accomplice a certain so long as passivism stop crime can make oneself break away from complicity and establish crime discontinue among them; On the other hand, though the common criminal offence is the whole of an organic connection, it is but such and organic last behavior per accomplice each other at complicity connection with, interdepend, relation not complement each other, if a certain accomplice stops the crime for the intention that is discontinued , and prevent other accomplices from utilizing its previous behavior to continue implementing the crime effectively, break this kind of relation or dispel undoubtedly , prevent from accomplice this behavior is it lead to the fact danger to the society to continue before too, so, among them stop the behavior to be regarded as the crime and discontinued .

我们认为，对于共同犯罪行为而言，一方面，它并不是各个共犯行为的简单相加，而是表现为各个共犯行为有机联系的整体，因此不能认为其中某个共犯只要消极停止犯罪就可使自己脱离共同犯罪而成立犯罪中止；另一方面，尽管共同犯罪行为是一个有机联系的整体，但这种有机联系在共同犯罪内部则表现为各个共犯行为的互相利用、互相依赖、相辅相成的关系，如果某个共犯出于中止的意图停止犯罪，并有效地阻止其他共犯利用其先前的行为继续实施犯罪，则无疑使这种关系中断或消除，也就避免了该共犯的先前行为继续对社会造成危害，因此，其中止行为应视为犯罪中止。

Thus, we think that misapprehending the essence of act and misconstruing the relationship between the subjective aspect and objective aspect of act make the theory of joint-crime in-being is in hot water.

因此，错误地理解了行为概念进而错误诠释共同犯罪行为，错误地理解了行为的主观方面和客观方面的关系，是现有共同犯罪理论陷入理论和现实困境的根本原因。

Then, a hypothesis of "double force source" for tectonism is put forward, its main points are: the tectonism is not only the result from the action of tectonic stress, but also the result from the action of "double force source", namely, the tectonic stress and subsurface fluid force including force produced by precipitation, etc.

提出了&双力源&构造变动假设，即构造变动不仅是构造应力作用的结果，而且是构造应力与地下流体力共同作用的结果；二者共同作用因方式不同而产生不同的构造变动；在构造变动孕育与产生过程中，构造应力的作用是第一位的，地下流体力则是调制性的，只有那些能与构造应力增强过程产生力学耦合的地下流体力，才能调制与诱发出构造变动异常并促进构造变动。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。