共价的

It can be seen that the bulk modulus depends mainly on electrons per atomic volume and mass density, while covalent structure of chemical bonding and N content make more contribution to theoretical hardness, and appropriate content N—N covalent bonding in the same direction tends to increase the shear modulus of nitrides.

说明在Tc的氮化物中，其体弹模量与材料的晶体结构、平均每个原子上的电荷密度和材料的质量密度有关；化学键的共价性结构和氮元素的含量对理论计算硬度有正作用；而剪切模量的极大值则与其层状结构及体系中一定量的方向基本一致的N—N键相关。

We coupled the IgG of monoclonal antibody N34 specific to UK and the Fab of monoclonal antibody SZ-51 specific to the membrane protein GMP-140 of activated platelet. The bispecific antibody (N34 SZ-51) is able to bind UK and plasma-clot simutaneously. It enhanced plasma clot lysis 5 fold by HUK whereas it enhanced plasma clot lysis 38 times by LUK. UK in association with the bispecific antibody didn't decrease the concentration of fibrinogen in the assay supernatants.

利用抗体介导使纤溶酶原激活剂定向到血栓表面，可大大提高其纤溶作用，我们用双功能团试剂将抗尿激酶的单克隆抗体N34的IgG和抗活化血小板膜蛋白GMP-l40的单抗SZ-5l的Fab片段通过二硫键共价偶联，合成的双专一性抗体（N34-SZ-51）既具有血栓亲和性也具有尿激酶亲和性，从而增加了尿激酶对血栓的专一性，使高分子量尿激酶溶栓率提高了5倍，使低分子量尿激酶溶栓率提高了38倍之多，且不影响血浆中纤维蛋白原的含量。

Calculations indicate that Ni-Ni interaction in Ni81B19 alloy is stronger than metallic bond in pure Ni. However, the Ni-Ni interaction in pure Ni is stronger than that in Ni80P20 alloy. Direct B-B contact in Ni81B19 alloys appears in our simulation, however no direct P-P contact in Ni80P20 alloys is found.

其次，在Ni的d电子和B的p电子之间存在着强烈的相互作用，形成Ni原子和B原子间的强共价作用。B和P的加入后使催化反应中的活性位Ni的活性d电子数增加，在合金中起修饰作用。

Methods RGD peptide were through direct covalent linkage attached on micro-channel surface with 1-ethyl-3- 3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide to A549 cells.

方法采用化学共价连接的方法固定RGD多肽，建立由流体控制系统、免疫反应系统构成的细胞识别芯片系统，用于细胞的筛选/捕获；选用不同密度的细胞进行进样试验，考察不同细胞密度对通道内细胞数量的影响，并讨论不同的孵育时间对细胞捕获的影响。

Methods RGD peptide were through direct covalent linkage attached on micro-channel surface with 1-ethyl-3- 1 3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride and N- hydroxysuccinimide to A549 cells.

采用化学共价连接的方法固定RGD多肽，建立南流体控制系统、免疫反应系统构成的细胞识别芯片系统，用于细胞的筛选／捕获；选用不同密度的细胞进行进样试验，考察不同细胞密度对通道内细胞数量的影响，并讨论不同的孵育时间对细胞捕获的影响。

According to Johnson's Rule and IR spectra, their possible structures are suggested. The bonding parameters of those complexes are calculated by ESR parameters. And the crystal field parameters are calculated by using electronic spectral data. It can be seen that the vanadyl complexes in the solution are ionic complexes and that the α〓 values of those complexes decrease following the increasing of the N donor replacing the O donor of water on the equatorial plane in those complexes. This means that the covalent bonding between vanadium and ligand increases as Ser, Phen or Bipy replace water ligands. The results show the competitive coordinate law that the coordination reactivity of Phen and Bipy is much stronger than that of Ser. The simulation program of ESR is compiled by the theory of ESR in the present work.

测定了VO-丝氨酸二元体系、VO-丝氨酸-邻菲咯啉三元体系和VO-丝氨酸联吡啶三元体系在不同酸度下（pH=1.0～14.0）的乙二醇／水（V／V=1：1）溶液低温ESR谱，发现不同pH下，溶液中具有不同组成的配合物，根据不同pH下ESR谱的变化，利用Johnson的加合规则并结合红外光谱，推测了它们在溶液中的可能结构；利用波谱参数计算了配合物键参数；利用电子光谱数据计算了配合物的晶体场参数，讨沦了它们的成配特性，结果表明：VO配合物属离子型配合物，随取代水分子的配体（Ser、Phen或Bipy）数目增加，键参数减小，配合物共价性增强，同时得出这些体系中，生物配体竞争配位规律：Phen和Bipy与VO的配位能力比Ser强。

We note from the further studies that in the crystals, which sharing the similar crystal structures and coordinational environments, the magnitude of the Stokes shift of the luminescence of the dopant ion is in line with the average covalency of the replaced lattice site. This is because that the nature of Stokes shift is the energy transfer from the luminescent ion to the host lattice. The value of this energy is determined by the frequency of the host lattice in which the frequency is controlled by the chemical bond characters.

更深入的研究发现，在晶体结构和中心离子配位环境非常相似的系列晶体中，掺杂离子发射光的Stokes位移值与其所取代格位的平均共价性成正比的关系，这是由于Stokes位移的本质是发光离子在发光过程中向基质以光波辐射的形式传递能量，这一能量的大小是由基质的振动频率决定的，而基质的化学键性质恰恰决定着基质的振动频率。

Based on the changes in the spectrum characters of guest molecules producedthrough inclusion complex formation with cyclodextrins, we have carried out two aspects of investigation:First, the mechanisms for the host-guest recognition reactions have been studied, such as the interactions between 3-CD and curcumin, the main constituent of the rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa, the recognition of p-CD towards rubidate, the effective component of the Chinese traditional medicine madder, and the reactions of p-CD towards the antileprotic drug dapsone and the antiinflammatory drug nabumetone: The formation of supramolecular complex between P-CD and guest molecule has been discussed and verified in virtue of multitudinous means such asultraviolet-visible absorption, fluorescence emission, infrared spectrogram and so on. The influence of addition of linear alcohols on the supramolecular system has been studied and the reason why the noncovalent interactions in the three-component system could result in a decrease in the apparent association constant of the inclusion complex has been revealed.

本论文基于环糊精对被包结客体光谱性质的改变，开展了两大方面的研究：β-环糊精对姜黄属植物根茎主要成分—姜黄素、中药茜草有效成分—茜草双酯、抗麻风药物氨苯砜及抗炎药物萘丁美酮的主-客体识别反应机制研究：借助超分子包合物的紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱或红外吸收光谱等手段，通过多种方法探讨并验证了超分子包合物的形成；研究了直链醇的加入对超分子体系的影响，揭示了三元体系中非共价相互作用导致超分子包合物表观结合常数降低的原因：对超分子包结反应进行了热动力学研究，探讨了各热动力学参数的变化趋势并从熵焓互补的角度考察了超分子包结过程；通过荧光猝灭实验进一步揭示了水相中β-环糊精增敏客体荧光的本质原因，从而为超分子化学提供新的理论和研究方法。

Results of non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the supernatant and aggregate precipitate formed in refolding process show that except being refolded to native egg white lysozymes, the reduced-denatured lysozymes can also form the aggregates with molecular weights being separately about 30.0 and 35.0 kD, while the reducing SDS-PAGE and the refolding results in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate show that these aggregates are formed chiefly through the misconnection of disulfide bonds between the reduced-denatured lysozymes, and the aggregate precipitates are formed through the non-covalent interactions between the aggregates with molecular weight being about 30.0 kD.

复性过程形成的上清和集聚体沉淀的非还原电泳结果表明，除了能复性成天然态的溶菌酶分子外，还原变性蛋白溶菌酶同时还能形成分子量分别约为30.0KD和35.0KD的蛋白溶菌酶分子集聚体；而它们的还原电泳和在SDS存在时的复性结果表明，这些集聚体主要是通过还原变性蛋白溶菌酶分子间的二硫键错配而形成，而集聚体沉淀则是通过分子量约为30.0KD的集聚体分子之间的非共价相互作用而形成。

The second-order perturbation formulas of the g factors and hyperfine structure constants for the lowest Kramers doublet Γ〓 of a 3d〓 ion under various octahedral symmetries (cubic, tetragonal, trigonal and rhombic) are established.

在较统一的理论模型和计算方法上建立了在各种对称性（立方、四角、三角和斜方）的八面体晶场中3d〓离子最低Kramers双重态Γ〓的g和A因子的二阶微扰公式，其中包含了前人通常忽略的组态相互作用、共价效应以及低对称畸变对自旋哈密顿参量的贡献。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。