共价

Centromeres could be identified easily on the bivalents at diplotene, so it was convenient to analyse the karyotype.

结果表明，日本沼虾染色体数n=52，2n=104，据双线期二价体的相对长度、着丝点位置以及形态诸方面的特点分析了核型，共分为A，B，C，D4个染色体组，核型组成是N=37M+4ST+11T；初级精母细胞减数分裂前期I可分为细线期/偶线期、粗线期、双线期和终变期5个时期，双线期的二价体存在弥散阶段，核仁明显，且双线期二价体着丝点清晰，给核型分析带来了方便。

Fermentation for 96 h in 15 L fermentor, the average yield reached to 2,103 μg/ml.

该工艺应用于15L发酵罐共十个批次的发酵试验，96h时克拉维酸的平均效价达2103μg/ml。

In the study, research aims at setting up a suitable framework to assess the farmland wetland by introducing proper wetland evaluation technology. Here, a two-stage qualitative 'multiple value evaluation matrix' is proposed and practiced for the 'Eco-park' planning at Fubao wetland in Changhua. Those functions such as sustenance, socio-education and production are approaching to the positive evaluation. On the contrary, the impacts induced by improper restoration planning on normal function of wetland are considered as negative evaluation. There are 70 indicial elements altogether, including some critical-value elements with importance meaning to the sustainable development in wetland. They are enhanced their weigh to strengthen the unique characteristic of wetland.

本研究旨在建立一个合适於农田湿地型态之评价架构，引入适当之湿地评价技术配合评估，并建立定性之两阶段多元评价矩阵评价表格，在此选定彰化福宝湿地之生态园区计画作为案例演练对象，以湿地之永续、社教及生产功能为正向评价，并参考复育计划对湿地功能的影响为负向评价，共设有70项指标性要素，并对部份要素对湿地持续发展具重要性意义者予以纳入「关键价値」要素，加强其权重来突显该湿地之特性。

The objectives of this study are to analyze the lead-lag relationship of milkfish prices between vertically- and horizontally- related fish markets and to evaluate the performance of market integration and pricing efficiency between milkfish markets .

本研究目的旨在应用Engle-Granger两阶段共整合研究法，藉以探讨垂直性与水平性相关鱼市场间虱目鱼价格因果关系，并评估虱目鱼鱼市场间共整合性与决价效率性。

The results shows that the two-way lead-lag cointegrating price relationship between milkfish wholesale and retail prices. Since the fish wholesale market could not completely and quickly assimilate the retail market information, the speed of wholesale price response to retail price changes is relatively slow, inducing the low pricing efficiency .

研究结果指出虱目鱼生产批发与消费零售价格间具有显著双向因果价格共整合关系，但生产批发价格因应於消费零售价格变动表现出较弱的价格感应度，其反应消费零售交易资讯比较不易完整且快速地传递到生产批发市场，因而造成生产批发市场相较於消费零售市场呈现较低决价效率。

In the fierce market competition, we will always be based on price and quality, the prestige is supreme, the business philosophy of equality and mutual benefit and sincerely willing to work with other countries and regions set up long-term stability of the Friend of the cooperative relationship, a total of Almon Fig.

在激烈的市场竞争中，我们将始终本着质优价宜、信誉至上、平等互利的经营理念，真心地愿与世界各国、各地区的朋友建立长期稳定的合作关系，共展鸿图。

Under the instruction of above-mentioned theoretical results, in the thesis chapter 10, the strongly electron-withdrawing anion, C_5O_5~(2-)[dianion of croconic acid (4,5-dihydroxycyclopent-4- ene-1,2,3-trione)], was chosen as the chelator to coordinate with boron to form lithium salt, which will yield high ionic conductivity solutions, and exhibit wide electrochemical stability windows and high thermal stability. As described in the chapter, two new lithium salts containing C_5O_5~(2-), lithium bisborate and its novel derivative, lithium borate for Li-ion battery electrolytes were synthesized.

在上述理论结果的指导下，论文第十章选择了克酮酸二价阴离子——具有很强的酸性、较好的芳香性、较大的电荷分散性、形成的配合阴离子具有较显著的共轭性——作为配体与B配位，合成了二种新的锂盐，通过实验测定了它们的结构和在有机溶剂中的溶解性。

The trivalent chromium passivation film based on zincate plating obtained has compact structure with no obvious crack, and excellent anticorrosion performance. Different compositions are detected from the surface to inner film, the surface mainly contains Cr2O3-Cr3-ZnO compound, the inner (1030 nm to surface) composes of Cr2O3-ZnO-Zn.The forming process of passivation film possibly consists of four steps which are zinc dissolution, basic area appearance, gelatiniform film forming and converting to passivation film.

结果表明：锌酸盐镀锌层的三价铬钝化膜表面结构致密、无明显裂纹，具有较好的耐腐蚀性能；这种钝化膜表层与里层的组成不同，表层的组成为Cr2O3-Cr3-ZnO共混物；里层(离表层10~30 nm处)的主要组成为Cr2O3-ZnO-Zn共混物；钝化膜的成膜过程可能包括镀锌层的溶解、碱性薄层的形成、胶状膜的形成和胶状膜转化成钝化膜4个步骤。

The fusion DNA fragments of ag85b-mpb64 and ag85b-mpb64-esat-6 were obtained by PCR andSOE technique. Various DNA vaccines were constructed with the pcDNA3.1: fusion of two genes, and of three genes, bivalent combinations and trivalent combinations(pCA+pCM+pCE6). BALB/c mice were vaccinated with this DNA vaccines.The mice injected withBCG were positive control and the mice injected with pCDNA3.1 and PBS were negative control.The mice were immunized 3 times with 2-wk intervals. The animals in group BCG were only inoculatedsubcutaneously with 1×10~6 CFU BCG at initial vaccination. The serum IgG titers and IgG isotype weredetermined using iELISA coated with M. bovis PPD and rMAE protein expressed and depurated inprokaryotic expression system every week.

同样，利用PCR和SOE技术，获得牛分枝杆菌mpb64-ag85b和mpb64-ag85b-esat-6融合基因，以pCDNA3.1为载体构建了牛分枝杆菌多价组合和多基因融合DNA疫苗：二基因融合(pCDNA3.1-MPB64-Ag85B，简称pCMA)和三基因融合(pCDNA3.1-MPB64-Ag85B-ESAT-6，简称pCMAE)DNA疫苗；二价组合和三价组合(pCA+pCM+pCE6)DNA疫苗，免疫BALB／c小鼠，以牛分枝杆菌BCG免疫组为阳性对照，以pCDNA3.1及PBS免疫组为阴性对照，共免疫3次，每次间隔2周，BCG组仅初免时皮下免疫1次。1免后每周，以原核表达纯化的重组MPB64-Ag85B-ESAT-6蛋白和牛分枝杆菌PPD为包被抗原，以间接ELISA方法检测血清IgG水平及lgG亚类。

The electronic structures and the bonding characteristics of both complexes were analyzed using ab initio calculations.

并结合从头计算结果进一步分析了配合物的稳定性及分子中配键的共价特征。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。