公路

By the end of 2008, almost all counties in Tibet are accessible by roads whose total length reached 51,300 km. Tibet now has a road network of five national highways, 15 main highways and 375 branch roads.

2008年底，西藏基本实现了县县通公路，公路里程达到5.13万公里，已经初步形成以5条国道为主干，具有15条干线公路和375条支线公路的公路网络格局。

The article first analysis on the natures of public welfare and nature of expressway ,makes a detailed analysis on the expressway's natures of inremovability、inseparability、cingulum、reticulation、and wear,demonstrates the importance of engineering projects of maintenance of expressway .

本文从分析高速公路的自然属性和社会属性入手，详细分析了高速公路的不可移动性、不可分割性、带状性、网状性及耐久性等自然属性，论证了高速公路养护在保持高速公路的自然属性方面的重要性，详细分析了高速公路的公路的规模收益特性、公路的资金密集性、公路的价值和使用价值、公路的国民经济基础性、公路发展的超前性、公路的社会公益性等特性，说明了高速公路在国民经济中不可或缺，同时也说明高速公路仍然具有局部的、一定程度的商品性，所以高速公路具有较复杂的特性。

The thesis made a study on the construction of the road transportation in Inner Mongolia. Through analyzing the social economys development, the present of synthesis transportation and the infrastructure, the equipment of goods traffic and the present situation of the operation and the management, the problems between road transportation and social economic development in the structure in Inner Mongolia were pointed out. Then the methods of regression forecast, flexible coefficient, and straight line tendency forecast etc were used to estimate the quantities of the goods and Freight Ton-kilometers. According to the future demands of goods volume of road transported and the development of freight transportation turnover quantity in Inner Mongolia and the existence question, the adjustment plan of the road goods traffic station yard layout, network structure transports strength structure and service system have been proposed, and then the synthesis appraisal of the plan has been carried on, the Inner Mongolia road goods traffic structure adjustment safeguard measure was proposed.

本论文以内蒙古自治区公路货物运输的结构性为研究对象，通过分析社会经济发展、综合运输现状及基础设施、货物运输装备、运营与管理现状等，指出了目前内蒙古自治区公路货物运输与社会经济发展、综合运输发展在结构方面存在的问题：运用相关线性回归分析、弹性系数法、直线趋势预测等方法，对内蒙古自治区公路货物运输未来的货运量和货运周转量进行了预测；根据未来内蒙古自治区公路货运量和货运周转量的发展需求与存在的问题，提出了公路货物运输路网结构、站场布局、运力结构、服务体系等方面的调整方案，并对方案进行了综合评价；提出了内蒙古自治区公路货物运输结构调整的保障措施。

The paper consider actual conditions of Hebei , and carefully analyzied the questions in highway investment and financing. Considering of country investment and financing heavy policy environment, it proposes that Hebei should not stay the highway investment and financings " wait for, by, take ", relying on governmental investment simply, but should fully give play to the role of capital market and financial market. In insist of the policy on " interconnected system loan interconnected system return ", attract social fund extensively, form the macroclimate that the society runs the traffic;Consider the highway assets of the whole province as a whole, make the financing scheme , vitalize the assets. Through capital market, take bid way, project jointlies operate, corporatization, shareholding system, try such ways as franchise operation ,etc. boldly in newly-built project. At the same time, devote more efforts to standing in the government"s policy to highway, set up the capital construction of highway development. Turn to capital market management focal point , investment and financing of management from project management, change direction " melt" from " throw ", open up with innovative idea dissolving enter road construction practice really, try some new financing methods boldly , only in this way , could arouse every side"s enthusiasm further , really open up the unexhausted source for the benign development of road construction of Hebei.

本研究报告充分考虑了河北省的实际情况，对河北省公路投融资工作中存在的问题进行了深入、细致的分析，针对目前国家在公路投融资大的政策环境，提出了河北省公路投融资不能停留在"等、靠、要"，单纯依靠政府投资上，而是应该充分发挥资本市场和金融市场的作用；在坚持省交通厅"统贷统还"的政策下，广泛吸引社会资金，形成社会办交通的大气候；将全省的公路资产统筹考虑，制定融资方案，将资产盘活：通过资本市场，采取招投标方式，将有条件的公路项目进行合资合作、公司化、股份制改造，新建项目大胆尝试特许经营等方式：同时加大政府对公路的政策支持力度，建立公路发展基建；将投融资管理的重点，从项目管理转向资本市场管理，从"投"转向"融"，把开拓与创新理念真正溶入公路建设实践，大胆尝试一些新的融资方法，只有这样，才能进一步调动各方积极性，真正为河北省公路建设的良性发展开辟不竭之源。

Due to the insufficiency of KEYNES and invest-output methods, the authors analyze the increasing of national economy resulting from highway investment multiplicator, propose a theory of calculating highway investment multiplicator based on the original definition of investment multiplicator, and obtain an improved method to calculate th.

为了完善利用公路建设投资乘数计算公路投资对国民经济拉动效益的方法，针对目前利用凯恩斯乘数与投入产出法计算公路建设投资效益的不足，通过公路建设过程中投资乘数作用引起国民经济成倍增长的机理分析，提出从投资乘数的原始定义出发计算公路建设投资乘数的原理，推导了计算公路投资乘数时公路建设投资引起的边际消费的改进算法，并通过京石高速公路有关资料验证了该方法的效果；发展了基于投资乘数计算原理、现有公路工程投资测算、投入产出矩阵组合基础之上的应用方法，克服了常用算法用全社会的消费倾向代替公路投资消费倾向的不足。

This paper sets up demand mathematical model of highway based on statistical data of population, GDP and total length of highway and theory of production function,and quantify analyses relationship of highway density with population density and PGDP and its development. And research the population, economic and society of different degree affecting on highway, and the note worthily distributing rule of highway density and andlyses its reason by habit depend on index.

以人口、国民生产总值及公路里程统计数据为基础，根据生产函数理论，建立公路需求数学模型，定量地分析我国各省区公路密度与人口密度、人均GDP关系及动态变化，揭示了人口、经济、社会因素对公路建设不同程度的影响以及公路密度显著的区域性分布规律，并用公路密度依赖－偏好指数分析其原因。

In Wu the city zone appoint, below the right leader of district government and the care that save bureau of traffic of traffic hall, city and support, come 5 years Wu the city zone throws highway to build capital nearly 1.5 billion, built 2 link line, gold to install highway, Jin Ya highway, Jin Lan large quantities of one high order and degree such as boreal line, white sandy road highway, the rural highway of road surface of arenaceous stone of the Kang Zhuang project that completed nearly 800 kilometers and prefectural path is transformed, began the early days that section of city of Wu of line of branch line of Jin Hua of freeway of central line of golden bamboo highway, gold orchid, Hang Jinqu, 330 nations revises the project such as the line.

在婺城区委、区政府的正确领导和省交通厅、市交通局的关心和支持下，5年来婺城区投入公路建设资金近15亿，建设了二环线、金安公路、金雅公路、金兰北线、白沙公路等一大批高等级公路，完成了近800公里的康庄工程和县道砂石路面的农村公路改造，并着手了金竹公路、金兰中线、杭金衢高速公路金华支线、330国道婺城区段改线等项目的前期。

Through investigating,screening langdscape factores which the area of research, We can evaluate highway landscape quality from 3 facets: highway own landscape, highway two sides background landscape, highway two sides human landscape and establishes evaluation system, standards, then using AHP, fuzzy mathematics, public-opinion poll methods to contrast assessment, found out issues, then take some advice and measures in order to providing recovery technology and design basis, coordinating highway and transportation with ecology landscape, planning the along the route traveling economy, Promoting the highway and the traveling, the resources, the environmental protection coordinated development.

通过对研究路域景观要素进行调查、筛选研究，拟定3个方面：即公路自身景观、公路两侧自然景观、公路两侧人文景观对公路景观进行评价、并建立公路景观评价体系，制定评价标准，利用AHP法、模糊数学法、民意测验法对公路景观进行对比评价分析，找出景观存在的问题，提出景观恢复的意见及其措施，为解决公路生态景观恢复和公路景观设计提供现实的科学依据，协调好公路交通与生态景观的关系，规划好沿线的旅游经济，促进公路与旅游、资源、坏境保护协调发展。

Ever since our establishment,by focusing on the over-all planningfor highway construction in lnner Mongolia,we have been actively engaged in the construction of the high-ways of the Autonomous Region in the format of "3 transverse's and 9 longitudinal's with 12 major exits".We have successively built with our own in-vestment the Grade 1 Highway of the section of Qingshuihe-Pianguan of No.209 National Highway, and the Grade 1 Double Lane Highway of the section of Habiriga-Shangdu and the Grade 2Highway of the section of Lamawan-Xiachengwan along the Yellow River of No.304 Provincial Highway, withour builtup mileage of highways at 132.46km and total investment for RMB940 million.

公司成立以来紧紧围绕内蒙古公路建设总体规划，积极投身于自治区&三横九纵，十二出口&公路格局发展的建设之中，先后投资承建国道209线清水河至偏关段一级公路，省道304线哈毕日嘎至上都镇段双幅一级公路，清水河县喇嘛湾至下城湾沿黄河二级公路，兴建公路总里程达132.4公里，总投资9.4亿元人民币。

Outlined in the Beijing Olympic Games, at 13:30 on August 13 Switzerland and France than was Ankan Qiela La Road Cycling Championship. Ankan Qiela La France in the World Championships: 2004 Bardolino, Italy was eighth, 2005 Madrid, Spain, was third, 2006 Salzburg, Austria received first place in 2007 at Stuttgart, Germany was the first ; France 2005 cycling sai Laise Skopje was seventh; Flanders Cycling Grand Prix E3 second place; Belgium Harelbeke 2007 Road Cycling sai second place; Florence - Bicycle sai Pistoia, Italy Paper 2004 Si Tuoya fourth; Ghent - Victoria Buddhist roots bike sai fourth; Road Cycling Events, the Belgian peacekeepers Buddhist roots fourth in 2006 Belgian peacekeepers were sixth Buddhist roots; HEW Classic Bicycle Germany 2005 Hamburg Road Cycling sai fourth in the 2006 German Beer, Luke second Challenge; Milan - San Remo Road Cycling sai second place; San Remo, Italy, the 2008 Road Cycling sai was the first; Monte Siena, Italy 2008 Paschi Eroica Road Cycling sai was the first Swiss national championships, in 2008 Switzerland was the first Messen; Stettlen 2007 Switzerland was the first in 2006 was the first Ruishiboning root 2005 Switzerland was the first Hagendorn; Highway Cycling Merit 2007 Rui Shibu Kruger was second in Paris - Roubaix bicycle sai , 2006 France was the first Roubaix; Roubaix France was second in 2008; 2005 Roubaix France was eighth; Denmark Post bike sai The 2006 final ranking was the first Danish Frederiksberg; ring The 2006 Belgian Flanders Cycling Road Cycling sai Meerbeke was sixth; Etruscan - Adriatic bike sai , 2008 Italy's Benetton and child care - Badelt-care was the first in the Central bike sai Luxembourg, Luxembourg Central Di Jixi 2005, was second; bike sai Central California, the United States in 2008 in Pasadena, California, was fourth ; Athens, Greece in 2004 was the 10th individual time trial; Olympics

瑞士法比安坎切拉拉在世界锦标赛：2004 意大利巴多利诺上获得第八名，2005 西班牙马德里上获得第三名，2006 奥地利萨尔茨堡上获得第一名，2007 德国斯图加特上获得第一名；2005 法国莱塞比耶自行车赛获得第七名；佛兰德E3自行车大奖赛获得第二名；2007 比利时哈勒尔贝克公路自行车赛获得第二名；佛罗伦萨-皮斯托亚自行车赛，2004 意大利皮斯托亚获得第四名；根特-维佛根自行车赛获得第四名；公路自行车赛 2005 比利时维佛根获得第四名；2006 比利时维佛根获得第六名；HEW自行车经典赛 2005 德国汉堡公路自行车赛第四名；2006 德国比尔，路克挑战赛第二名；米兰-圣雷莫公路自行车赛获得第二名；2008 意大利圣雷莫公路自行车赛获得第一名；2008 意大利锡耶纳 Monte Paschi Eroica 公路自行车赛获得第一名；瑞士全国锦标赛，在2008 瑞士Messen 获得第一名；2007 瑞士Stettlen 获得第一名；2006 瑞士伯宁根获得第一名；2005 瑞士Hagendorn获得第一名；公路自行车赛 2007 瑞士布鲁格获得第二名；巴黎-鲁贝自行车赛，2006 法国鲁贝获得第一名；2008 法国鲁贝获得第二名；2005 法国鲁贝获得第八名；丹麦邮政自行车赛决赛排名赛 2006 丹麦腓特烈斯贝获得第一名；环佛兰德自行车赛 2006 比利时Meerbeke 公路自行车赛获得第六名；伊特鲁里亚-亚得里亚海自行车赛，2008 意大利圣贝内代托-德尔特龙托获得第一名；在环卢森堡自行车赛，2005 环卢森堡迪基希，获得第二名；环加利福尼亚自行车赛，在2008 美国加利福尼亚帕萨迪纳，获得第四名；2004 希腊雅典个人计时赛获得第十名；奥运会 2008 北京奥运会男子公路个人赛季军。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了