公民的

What the traditional personal right system emphasizes is how safeguards the spiritual interests.whit the development of the society and the establishment of Chinese market economy,the civil subjective personality with more direct property interests should be confirmed at law and the obliges using and maintaining their personal rights based on the above two meanings.

传统的人身权制度旨在维护公民作为人的存在所必需的利益，如公民的人身自由、人身专有标识的安全、获得良好的社会评价、享有人格尊严以及个人生活秘密以及其他各种自由等，并对这种人身利益给予非财产性的保护。随着社会的发展变化，特别是商业活动向人们生活的各

We may, today, for reference of the current construction of harmonious society in China, inspect his ideology of ruling by law and virtue and the civism of city-state in terms of political development.

我们今天可以从政治发展的角度，审视他的德法兼治的思想以及城邦公民的公民精神，以期对中国当前和谐社会的建设提供有益的借鉴。

Due to the inattentiveness of our legislation,many structural and premise breaks and deficiency exist between civil litigation and its supervision,which makes it very difficult to initiate counter appeal power in civil suits by the procuratorial organ,and such rights form a key factor in the protection of civil rights.

由于法律规定和法律技术的粗疏，我国的民事审判监督和民事诉讼活动之间存在着前提性、结构性的断裂和缺失，致使检察机关的民事抗诉权启动艰难。检察机关的民事抗诉权来源于公民的权利，是公民权利的转化、实现和保障形式，它的顺利启动和行使有十分重要的意义。

Criminal law the regulation about self-defence, the legitimate rights and interests of public to safeguard interest and citizen is avoided suffer the illegal inroad that having, give aid to healthy atmosphere, maintain order of security of society, blow and awe criminal, encourage and support a citizen to make the enthusiasm of the fight and consciousness with occurrent illegal enroach on, have main positive effect.

刑法》有关正当防卫的规定，对于保障公共利益和公民的合法权益免受正在进行的不法侵害，扶持正气，维持社会治安秩序，打击和震慑犯罪分子，鼓励和支持公民同正在发生的不法侵害作斗争的积极性和自觉性，具有重要的积极功能。

Part VI discusses measures of promoting PPC in China\'s socialist democratic development. The following measures are seen as necessary: to actively create favorable conditions for PPC; to systematize and routinize PPC; to construct PPC culture in fostering and developing a civil society; to improve citizens\' PPC ability by education and practice. Only by promoting the overall effectiveness of PPC, can socialist democracy be manifested and realized.

认为，必须积极创造有利于政治参与的物质条件，必须努力促使政治参与的制度化和程序化，必须在市民社会的培育和发展中建设理性的政治参与文化，必须通过教育手段和实践途径不断提高公民的政治参与技能，必须全面提升公民政治参与的效能才能切实反映和实现社会主义民主。

Article 13 A crime refers to an act that endangers the sovereignty and territorial integrity and security of the state; dismembers the state and subverts the political power of the people''s dictatorship and overthrows the socialist system; disrupts social order and economic order; violates property owned by the state or collectively owned by the working people; violates the citizens'' privately owned property or infringes upon the citizens'' rights of the person and their democratic and other rights; and any other act that endangers society and is punishable according to law.

第十三条一切危害国家主权、领土完整和安全，分裂国家、颠覆人民民主专政的政权和推翻社会主义制度，破坏社会秩序和经济秩序，侵犯国有财产或者劳动群众集体所有的财产，侵犯公民私人所有的财产，侵犯公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利，以及其他危害社会的行为，依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的，都是犯罪，但是情节显著轻微危害不大的，不认为是犯罪。

System of non-competition is one of important means of protecting right of commercial secret and vindicating fair competition in the market economy,it has its important value.However,each citizen has the right of work and choosing profession,this is a basic right of constitution.

竞业禁止制度作为市场经济中一种保护商业秘密和维护公平竞争的重要手段，其自身具有重要的价值功能；而每个公民都享有劳动的自由和择业的自由，这是宪法赋予公民的一项基本权利。

Classical liberals firmly believe that in a number of rights of the individual, property rights is the most important. The law of rule of law is mainly to protect the property rights of citizens. It is through protecting the property rights of citizens for proper rules of conduct to contribute to the realization of individual freedom. Therefore,the rule of law of classical liberalism evolutes ultimately into the governance of private law. Private law plays the most important role in concept of the rule of law in classical liberalism.

古典自由主义者坚信，在个人的若干权利项中，财产权最为重要，法治之法所要保护的主要是公民的财产权，正当行为规则正是通过保护公民的财产权促成了个人自由的实现，因此，古典自由主义的法治最终演化为私法之治，私法在古典自由主义的法治观中扮演者最为重要的角色。

Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

主要内容是：国会不得制定剥夺公民的言论、出版、和平集会和请愿等自由的法律；公民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受非法的搜查或扣押；非依法律的正当程序，不得剥夺任何人的自由、生命或财产，以及司法程序上的一些民主权利等。

The legal protection of Chinese citizens' education right have made much progress since the issue of the Education Act , Higher Education Act, and Civil Servant Law, however, a lot of problems and dissatisfactions still exist in the realization and protection process of the ordinary citizen's higher education. For instance, the realization of the Public Officer's higher education right is subject to a lot of restrictions and difficulties.

在我国相继颁布了《教育法》《高等教育法》《公务员法》等法律后，公民受教育权的法律保障较以前有了较大的进步，然而作为普通公民的受高等教育权的实现及法律保障仍然存在诸多问题和许多不尽如人意的地方，就我国事业单位人员受高等教育权的实现来说，受到的限制和存在的问题更多。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。