公民权

Important Romans could petition for citizenship for others (e.g., Pliny's request that Trajan enfranchise his doctor).

罗马的显要人物可以为他人推荐获得公民权(例如小普林尼曾请求图拉真皇帝授予其医生公民权)。

Throughout the principate the custom of extending Roman citizenship went on through grants both to entire communities and to individuals, until in A.D. 212 Caracalla granted Roman citizenship to the entire freeborn population of the empire.

在罗马帝国实行元首制期间，将罗马公民权的范围扩大授予个人与整个团体，这一传统始终延续着，直至A.D.212年卡拉卡拉皇帝将公民权授予了全帝国所有生为自由民的人们。

It sometimes intensifies it, sometimes mitigates it ; but on the whole children and parents confront one another as two classes in which all the political power is on one side ; and the results are not at all unlike what they would be if there were no immediate consanguinity between them, and one were white and the other black, or one enfranchised and the other disenfranchised, or one ranked as gentle and the other simple.

这种感情纽带有时使得奴役被强化，有时又使其被削弱；但总体上，孩子和父母是作为两个阶层彼此面对的，在这当中所有的政治权力都偏向于一边；假如他们之间根本不存在直接的血缘关系，结果也并非完全不同，一方是白色[4]一方是黑色，或者一方被赋予公民权一方被剥夺公民权，或者一方被视为上流高雅一方被看作粗陋简单。

The police power is in inverse proportion to the civil rights on a certain condition.

警察权力与公民权利在一定条件下成反比例关系，即警察权的扩大意味着公民权的缩小，警察权的滥用往往使公民权化为乌有。

Emperor Caesar Augustus, pontifex maximus, holding the tribunician power for the seventeenth time, proclaims: If any persons from the province of Cyrene have been honored with Roman citizenship I command that they nonetheless shall discharge their compulsory public services among the body of the Greeks in their proper turn, except those persons to whom by a law or by a decree of the Senate, by my father's or my own decree, the citizenship was granted with exemption from taxation.

最高大祭司，恺撒·奥古斯都皇帝，于其第17次执掌保民官权利之年，诏告曰：若有任何昔兰尼加行省之人荣膺罗马公民权，吾在此命令，彼等不得因此解除其在希腊社团中对公众适当的服务义务。唯有下列人等，因某条法律，或元老院之法令、或吾父之法令或吾之法令获得罗马公民权之时亦免除纳税义务者除外。

Http://bbs.cqzg.cn Emperor Caesar Augustus, pontifex maximus, holding the tribunician power for the seventeenth time, proclaims: If any persons from the province of Cyrene have been honored with Roman citizenship I command that they nonetheless shall discharge their compulsory public services among the body of the Greeks in their proper turn, except those persons to whom by a law or by a decree of the Senate, by my father's or my own decree, the citizenship was granted with exemption from taxation.

最高大祭司，荣获英帕拉多称号14次，恺撒·奥古斯都皇帝，于其第17次执掌保民官权利之年，诏告尔等：若有任何昔兰尼伽行省之人荣膺罗马公民权，吾在此命令，彼等不得因此解除其在希腊社团中对公众适当的服务义务。唯有下列人等，因某条法律，或元老院之法令、或吾父之法令或吾之法令获得罗马公民权之时亦免除纳税义务者除外。

Throughout the principate the custom of extending Roman citizenship went on through grants both to entire communities and to individuals, until in A.D.

在罗马帝国实行元首制期间，将罗马公民权的范围扩大授予个人与整个团体，这一传统始终延续着，直至A.D.212年卡拉卡拉皇帝将公民权授予了全帝国所有生为自由民的人们。

As the legions came to be recruited from the border areas where they were stationed and many of their recruits may well have been the children of enfranchised auxiliary soldiers, the formal distinction of legions and auxiliaries on the basis of citizenship came to signify less and less.

鉴于军团兵的征募越来越依靠其驻扎的边境地带，其征募的兵员很多都来自被授予公民权的辅助兵的儿子，基于公民权的军团兵与辅助兵之间正式区分变得越来越小。

Seneca made fun of Claudius for his supposed resolve to see all the Greeks, Gauls, Spaniards and Britons in togas.

公民权的扩大缓慢，而奥古斯都曾授予公民权的那些地区又受到了整顿。

Change in status was normally introduced at the level of the city and its territory, but sometimes blanket grants were made. Vespasian, for instance, gave Latin status to all of Spain, an act recognizing the extent to which nearly three centuries of Roman settlement there had affected the local population.

这种地位的变化更多的是将城市及其附属地域一并提升，但有时也会大面积的授予公民权，例如韦柏芗皇帝就一次将拉丁公民权授予所有西班牙居民，这一举动只是对近3个世纪的殖民对当地人口的影响所追加的确认。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷