公民义务

To participate in the PLA's active duty, there is no register for military service of citizens on active duty and reserve service or a series of reserve forces who participate in militias, as well as students to receive military training, are all fulfilling military service obligations. December 29, 1998 The 9th National People's Congress Standing Committee adopted the 6th meeting, on revising the "military service" decision, the revised Law on Military Service provides:"The People's Republic of China compulsory service and volunteer combined combination of the militia and reserve military service system."

参加中国人民解放军的服现役，没有服现役的公民进行兵役登记服预备役或者编人预备役部队、参加民兵组织，以及学生接受军事训练等都是履行兵役义务。1998年12月29日第9届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第6次会议通过了关于修改《中华人民共和国兵役法》的决定，修改后的兵役法规定：&中华人民共和国实行义务兵与志愿兵相结合、民兵与预备役相结合的兵役制度&。

Critics say PRs enjoy the benefits of citizenship without all the responsibilities, such as national service for men (first-generation PRs are generally exempt).

批评家说永久居民享受着公民的福利，却将一切责任脱得干干净净，比如男人要参加的国民兵服役（第一代永久居民普遍免除了这项义务）。

Guarantee of citizen's rights to participate indicate the constitutional principle of popular sovereignty, it is content of construction of political civilization and need of fulfilling of human rights treaties, it is also need of governance of risk society and necessary approach to good governance.

保障公民参与权，体现了人民主权的宪法原则，是政治文明建设的应有之意，是落实人权公约义务的迫切要求，是风险社会治理的客观需要和走向善治的必要途径。

Through long-term, society-wide learning and promote the constitution implies the idea of popular sovereignty, rule of law of thought, ideas of equality and anti-privilege, freedom and a sense of discipline, rights and obligations of the unity of consciousness permeated the hearts of every citizen to become democratic culture, an integral part of the psychological.

应通过长期的、全社会范围的学习和宣传使宪法蕴涵的人民主权思想、法治思想、平等和反特权思想、自由与纪律意识、权利与义务相统一的意识等渗透在每个公民心中，成为民主文化心理不可缺少的组成部分。

Section 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto 1.事后的(地,追溯的 law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

任何一州都不得：缔结任何条约，参加任何同盟或邦联；颁发捕获敌船许可状；铸造货币；发行纸币；使用金银币以外的任何物品作为偿还债务的货币；通过任何公民权利剥夺法案、追溯既往的法律或损害契约义务的法律；或授予任何贵族爵位。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。