公民

At the same time,the content of the foreign history is closelink with the citizen ideas'fostering.So to say,the citizen education is amain responsibility of the foreign historical teaching.This paper,from thecitizen,the citizen education's origin and development to the foreignhistorical teaching's content,means and appraise,study the citizen education of the foreign historical teaching.

同时世界历史的教学内容同公民以及公民意识有着不可分割的关系，所以公民教育成为世界历史这一学科不可推卸的责任，本文从公民、公民教育的来源和发展出发，从世界历史的教育内容、手段、评价等方面来探讨世界历史教学中的公民教育。

This paper first introduces the ecological citizenship theories articulated by Bart van Steenbergen and Andrew Dobson, and then expounds, from the perspective of ecological civilization, four important features of it. The author argues that ecological citizenship is the citizenship with awareness of environmental human rights, virtue and responsibility, cosmopolitism, and ecology.

笔者首先简要介绍了斯廷博根和多布森的生态公民理论，继而从生态文明视野的角度阐述了生态公民的四个重要特征：生态公民是具有环境人权意识的公民；生态公民是具有良好美德和责任意识的公民；生态公民是具有世界主义意识的世界公民；生态公民是具有生态意识的公民。

From the reform and open to the outside world,the civic consciousness in our country has developed fully,but it still can not adapt the current development of the market economy.Especially in the rural area, the civic consciousness of our country's peasants restricts the fast development of rural market economy to a large extent.Consequently,it is a great significance to cultivate the peasants' civic consciousness.This paper discusses some opinions in this field,In detail:The first part starts with the concept of the civilians and the civic consciousness,and mainly discusses what are the civilians and its historical development.Then the paper analyzes the meanings of the civic consciousness and its formation conditions,and based on which analyses the characteristics of the contemporary peasants in our country and its influence on the formation of our country's civic consciousness.At present,the lifestyle of our country's peasants is mainly agricultural.They are the subordinate to the dominant in the field of the political right,possess the low quality in the whole in the cultural aspect and relatively lag behind in the aspect of ideology.All hinder the development of the peasants' civic consciousness,affect the enlargement of the peasants' political participation,and go against the cultivation of the peasants' collective consciousness.

改革开放以来我国公民的公民意识得到了长足的发展，但仍然不能适应当前市场经济的发展，尤其是在农村，我国农民的公民意识在很大程度上制约了农村市场经济的快速发展，因此，培育农民的公民意识具有重要意义，本文即是想在这方面谈谈自己的想法，具体来说：本文的第一部分首先从公民和公民意识的概念入手，主要论述了公民意识的形成及其在我国的历史发展，接着进一步的分析了公民意识的含义及其构成，在此基础上分析了当代我国农民的特点以及其对我国农民公民意识的生成所产生的影响，当前，我国农民在生存方式上，仍以农业为主，在政治权利方面，仍是权势力量的从属者，在文化素质方面，整体素质仍然偏低，思想观念方面还是相对落后的，这些特征在很大程度上阻碍了农民的主体意识的发展，影响了农民政治参与的扩大，不利于农民公共精神的培养。

Unlawful detention or deprivation of citizens' freedom of the person by other means and unlawful search of the person of citizens are prohibited; the personal dignity of citizens is inviolable, and insult, libel, false accusation or false incrimination directed against citizens by any means is prohibited; the residences of citizens are inviolable and unlawful search of, or intrusion into, a citizen's residence is prohibited; freedom and privacy of correspondence are protected by law, and those who hide, discard, damage or illegally open other people's letters, once discovered, shall be seriously dealt with, and grave cases shall be prosecuted.

禁止非法拘禁和以其他方法非法剥夺或者限制公民的人身自由，禁止非法搜查公民身体；公民的人格尊严不受侵犯，禁止用任何方法对公民进行侮辱、诽谤和诬告陷害；公民的住宅不受侵犯，禁止非法搜查他人住宅或者非法侵入他人住宅；公民的通信自由和通信秘密受法律保护，对于隐匿、毁弃和非法开拆他人信件的人，一经发现，要作出严肃处理，情节严重的将受到法律制裁。

Chapter III describes the history and experiences of plebiscite in Taiwan.

第三章描述公民投票主张在台湾的历史与实践经验：这部分将溯及到1947年廖文毅对台湾地位问题意见开始论述，次而对1970至1980年代公民投票与台湾地位的问题作探讨，依其历史演进至1990年代台湾公民投票案例：后劲反五轻、贡寮反核四以及台中反拜耳等等之政策议题，藉此分析我国公民投票制度的起源，论述台湾公民投票的历史轨迹和演进阶段，从制度变迁的轨迹中，分析我国公民投票法制化的政治意涵。

Considered by some film historians to be the greatest movie ever made, Citizen Kane《公民凯恩》is famous for unusual sound and camera techniques.

电影《公民凯恩》以它那不同寻常的声音和摄像技术而闻名于世，而被一些电影史学家评论为最伟大的电影。

As our ancestors didn't leave over any heritage about citizen consciousness, the "citizen" that we talked about now is imported from Europe and America, certainly, the importing process is companied by throe from the very begriming which we can hardly adapt to, But with over one hundred years' communication and integration with the world, all the advanced Chinese people know that if we want to create glory in china , we must learn the world advanced civilization that we ourselves lacks in, one important principle of which is that citizen consciousness must replace subject consciousness, citizen consciousness is a very important factor that strict Chinese modernization process, In order to catch up with advanced countries and realize modernization, we must cultivate citizen consciousness and make Chinese people who have sticked to old practices for thousands of years become citizens with modern consciousness as well as consciousness of human beings.

我们的先人没有给我们留下任何关于公民意识的遗产，现在的我们谈的"公民"是舶来品，是从遥远的欧美进口而来。当然，这种进口一开始就伴随着阵痛，让我们极不适应。但随着一百多年与世界的交流和接轨，先进的中国人都知道中国要想再造辉煌，必须学习我们自身所缺乏的世界先进文明，其中非常重要的一项就是公民意识必须代替臣民意识。公民意识是为制约中国现代化进程的重要因素，中国现在要赶上先进国家，要实行现代化，就要培养人的公民意识，使在中国大地上因循守旧生活了几千年的中国人成为有现代意识的公民，有人的觉悟的公民。

It is the kern and requirement to increase chances for the citizens to participate in politics in perfecting the socialistic democracy system construction is the basis of the increase in citizens ' participation in politics the major premise is to increase citizens ' awareness of participating the citizenly society is the carrier and stage of the participation .

扩大公民的政治参与是坚持和完善社会主义民主制度的核心内容和必然要求，制度建设是扩大公民政治参与的根本保证；公民意识的提高是扩大公民政治参与的前提；公民社会是扩大公民政治参与的载体和舞台。

The first part of the thesis analyses the meaning of civic and civic education. The author considers that civic education include civic political education, civic moral education, civic world-consciousness education and civic environmental education. In this part, the author also discusses the importance of strengthening civic education for the nonce in our country.

第一部分首先分析了公民、公民教育的涵义，提出了当前公民教育的主要内容有公民政治教育、公民道德教育、公民世界意识教育和公民环境教育；接着探讨了我国当前加强公民教育的重要性。

As our ancestors didn't leave over any heritage about citizen consciousness, the "citizen" that we talked about now is imported from Europe and America, certainly, the importing process is companied by throe from the very begriming which we can hardly adapt to, But with over one hundred years' communication and integration with the world, all the advanced Chinese people know that if we want to create glory in china , we must learn the world advanced civilization that we ourselves lacks in, one important principle of which is that citizen consciousness must replace subject consciousness, citizen consciousness is a very important factor that strict Chinese modernization process, In order to catch up with advanced countries and realize modernization, we must cultivate citizen consciousness and make Chinese people who have sticked to old practices for thousands of years become citizens with modern consciousness as well as consciousness of human beings.

我们的先人没有给我们留下任何关于公民意识的遗产，现在的我们谈的&公民&是舶来品，是从遥远的欧美进口而来。当然，这种进口一开始就伴随着阵痛，让我们极不适应。但随着一百多年与世界的交流和接轨，先进的中国人都知道中国要想再造辉煌，必须学习我们自身所缺乏的世界先进文明，其中非常重要的一项就是公民意识必须代替臣民意识。公民意识是为制约中国现代化进程的重要因素，中国现在要赶上先进国家，要实行现代化，就要培养人的公民意识，使在中国大地上因循守旧生活了几千年的中国人成为有现代意识的公民，有人的觉悟的公民。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷