公平

C. (1972), Management of Personnel: Manpower Management and Organizational Behavior, New York: Mcgraw-Hill Book Company.

林淑姬（1992），薪酬公平、程序公平与组织承诺、组织公民行为关系之研究，国立政治大学企业管理研究所博士论文。

We shall create an external environment for fair competition, earnestly clear up administrative rules and regulations as well as policies which are not conducive to the development of small and medium circulation enterprises, study and formulate policies and measures which are both commensurate with rules of WTO and favorable to the development of the said enterprises, further rectify and regulate the market order, seriously investigate undue conducts of competition, adhere to cancel the regional protectionism, create a market environment favorable for the fair competition between small and medium circulation enterprises and large enterprises, effectively alleviate burdens of small and medium circulation enterprises, supervise and inspect charges collectable which have been canceled and insist on making investigation and giving punishments if more burdens are cast on small and medium circulation enterprises by means of various pretexts and in disguised forms.

创造公平竞争的外部环境。认真清理各种不利于中小流通企业发展的行政法规和政策规定，研究制定符合世贸组织规则又有利于中小流通企业发展的政策措施。进一步整顿和规范市场秩序，严肃查处不正当竞争行为，坚决取消地方保护主义措施，创造有利于中小流通企业与大企业公平竞争的市场环境。要切实减轻中小流通企业负担，对已取消的收费项目要进行监督检查，对巧立名目、变相增加中小流通企业负担的，要坚决予以查处。

So it can realise the demand of CSRC, which demands the stock market of china to be an open, fair and justice market. Earnings preannouncement practices the ideal of high quality information.

维护信息公平，提高信息效率，是保障投资者利益，实现资源优化配置的关键，也是体现中国证监会公开、公平、公正的要求之一。

The study of such characteristics and the sources of their production has a certain theoretical meaning for widening the study fields of Deng's theory and broadening the view angles and deepening the study layers. Such a study also has a definite practical meaning for the deep understanding of the view of socialist justice and for the instruction of the practice of the justice in the socialist society. In this thesis, starting from the thinking principle of the historical comparison and the dialectic analysis, three characteristics of Deng's idea on justice are summarized.

研究这一特征及其产生的根源，对于拓宽邓小平理论的研究领域、开阔研究视角、加深研究层次具有一定的理论意义；这一研究对于深入认识社会主义公平观、指导社会主义社会公平的实践也具有一定的实践意义。

We use the approximate distribution comes from probability generating function of CreditRisk+ to value the CDO under the single sector factor and multi-sector factors scenarios. For single sector factor model, we discuss the sensitive analysis of CDO fair spread by different default probability, default correlation and loss given default. For multi-sector factors model, we exam the CDO fair spread based on different sector correlation assumption, such as Gamma distribution in moment match method, multivariate Gamma distribution and compound Gamma distribution.

本文在信用风险加成模型之下，利用机率产生函数的近似分配评价抵押债务债券，并考虑单一部门因子与多个部门因子，单一部门因子中，在不同违约机率、违约相关系数和违约损失率下，探讨抵押债务债券公平价差之敏感度分析；多个部门因子中，在不同相关性部门因子分配假设下，如动差配适法的伽玛分配、多维伽玛分配、复合伽玛分配，探讨抵押债务债券公平价差之方法结果比较。

The results show that Proportional by Volume is not a good solution to the problem of profit allocation, for it is in favor of the partner whose purchase quantity is large. However, Shapley Value and Compromise Value are more equitable allocation methods than Proportional by Volume in that they satisfy more properties related to "fairness".

研究结果显示：PV方法并不是一个理想的分配方法，它对联盟中采购量比较大的一方有利；基于博弈论的SV、CV方法由于能够满足大多数的公平分配性质，是一种能够得到较公平结果的分配方法。

Such electronic actions may qualify as unfair competition and will therefore be referred to as electronic unfair competition.

这种电子化的行为可能作为不公平竞争的条件并因此被称为电子不公平竞争。

Regarding to the decomposition of redistributive effect in household financing, it showed that the inequity of household financing was, on the one hand, represented by the regressiveness of the financial system, namely vertical inequity, which accounted for 42%, and on the other hand, horizontal inequity accounted for 58% of the total inequity.

七灾难性支出家庭对公平性的影响灾难性支出家庭是指HFC大于40％的家庭，这类家庭对卫生服务筹资公平性的影响很大，由于灾难性支出家庭所形成的家庭卫生服务筹资不公平占了不公平的53％。

Neither Regressiveness and progressiveness of the health financing system could be measured by HFC, nor in China fiscal expenditure could be measured clearly.

这提示，我们一方面需要调整卫生筹资政策，以保证高收入人群能够承担更多金额和更高比例的卫生筹资，以改善垂直公平；另一方面，对于不同卫生服务需要的人群，需要通过一定的风险共担机制，平衡他们的医疗经济负担，改善同等收入、不同卫生服务需要人群之间的卫生服务筹资公平。

Equity is always the target that people looking forward to in any social consciousness shape and any social development seedtime.

公平，无论在何种社会意识形态、何种社会发展阶段，都是人们一直醉心追求的目标，并且在追求公平的过程中实现着社会的进步。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。