入瞳

In this paper, the research on vignetting is done and a formula for vignetting about field angle、entrance window, entrance pupil and the distance between them is deduced.

文中对渐晕做了一些研究，并推导出一个渐晕关于视场角、入瞳、入射窗以及两者之间距离的解析式。

Speckle is also the fundamental uncertainty factor in this kind of sensors. The analytic expression of centroid uncertainty limit is derived from the statistic of laser speckle, and it is shown that the uncertainty limit in RST, and also in anamorphic triangulation, is dependent on the solid angle subtended by entrance pupil as seen from the illuminated laser spot, the triangulation angle, as well as the laser wavelength. The influence of aberration of optical system and surface roughness are also discussed.(4) A method of getting the 3D edge characters based on the integrated vision system is studied.

重点研究了RST中的激光散斑现象，从散斑统计学的角度，首次推导了激光散斑引起的旋转对称三角法位移测量不确定度的极限，结果表明在光学粗糙表面上，该极限由投射激光波长，光学系统入瞳对投射光斑所张的立体角，以及光学系统主光轴与旋转轴的夹角确定；这一结论同样适用于其他变形成像的激光三角法。4基于RST的工作方式，研究了利用集成视觉系统的扫描移动来获得被测物体的低分辨率三维信息的方法。

Noll. From the irradiance distribution in two defocal planes, one in front of focal plane and the other behind, with a given detector array the elements of response matrix for each normalized term of Zernike polynomials can be obtained. For an incoming atmospheric disturbed random wavefront, with its irradiance distribution detected in two defocal planes and the response matrix, it is easy to solve the corresponding Zernike term coefficients of incoming wavefront and reconstruct the detected one.

Noll建议的Zernike多项式表征经大气扰动的入瞳处的光学波前畸变；求出由两个离焦面上的光强分布决定的归一化Zernike项在特定形状的探测器上的响应矩阵；由响应矩阵和入瞳处的波前在两个离焦面上的光强分布，求出其Zernike项的系数，从而实现波前的探测和重构。

Drift entrance pupil in laser scanning system is studied in this paper, detailing in rotated octahedron mirror.

在近代激光测试技术中多面体旋转反射扫描测试系统存在入瞳漂移的问题，带来测试误差，然而经典资料中均未作讨论。

When the incident pupil 2h of focimeter is corresponding with human pupil, the measuring value of the back vertex power is the real back vertex power of contact lens-the reciprocal of distance on the orientation of image L0.87h′of band height 0.87h light.

焦度仪的入瞳2h与人眼瞳孔相匹配时，测量的接触镜后顶焦度就是接触镜实际后顶焦距——带高0.87h光线的像方截距L0.87h′的倒数。

These technologies can enhance the resolution of lithography by changing the distribution of the object's spectrum in and out of the pupil, and then decreasing the object's lower frequency parts and increasing higher frequency parts.Modeling of the lithography is essential to the RETs.

空间滤波技术主要是指离轴照明技术和光瞳滤波技术，它们都是通过改变入瞳体或出瞳体的物体的频谱的分布，达到降低低频分量，相对提高高频分量，最终提高光强对比度，从而提高光刻分辨率。

The relationship between drift entrance pupil and rotating - radius , andgle of incidence has been analysed. The accurate results are obtained.

本文在理论上推导了激光扫描测试系统中的入瞳漂移，详尽讨论了八面体旋转反射扫描测试系统的入瞳漂移问题，并且分析了旋转半径及入射角与入瞳漂移的关系，得出精确的结论。

A Hartmann-Shack apparatus with unequal entrance and exit pupil sizes are used to investigate two different ways of reducing noise, by measuring the signal-to-noise ratios in artificial eyes.

首先，对使用偏振分光棱镜的H-S系统，在系统出瞳不变，入瞳变化的条件下测量了对应的信噪比。

The conclusion can be used in practice, including how to design the rotated mirror according to the requirement of measuring accuracy, to select the angle of incidence and to deal with the influence of drift entrance pupil in the design of f-θ lens.

实际应用中如何根据精度要求设计旋转反射镜、如何选择入射角、f－θ物镜设计中如何考虑入瞳漂移的影响均可利用这一结论。

We focus on resolving the following problems in FTP, that is how to guarantee the measurement accuracy of FTP when the connect line between the exit pupil of the projecting lens and that of the entrance pupil of the imaging lens is not parallel to the reference, or the two pupils are not coplanar, or neither the connect line parallel to the reference nor the two pupils coplanar.

推导出了适用范围更广泛的变形条纹描述公式和相位计算方法以及相位—高度映射算法。对于传统的傅里叶变换轮廓术测量系统而言，由于要求投影仪出瞳与摄像机入瞳连线与参考面平行，而且要求投影仪光轴与摄像机光轴共面，所以它可以被看作是本文所提出系统结构在该种情况下的一种特例。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。