入射面

Refraction regularity of extraordinary ray in uniaxial crystal with arbitrarily oriented optical axis;2. In the case of optical axis of uniaxial crystal being parallel with the incident plane, the angle of refraction of extraordinary ray are calculated by using Fermat's principle.

在单轴晶体的光轴与入射面平行的情形下用费马原理计算非寻常光光线的折射角，然后就怎样定义非寻常光作些讨论，最后在单轴晶体的光轴任意取向的普遍情形下给出计算非寻常光光线折射方向的公式。

If the light permeation of polarimeter is not parallel or vertical to the incidence plane, the polarized light exists an angle of deflexion.

指出如果偏振片不与入射面垂直和平行，此时的偏振光存在一定角度的偏转，此时国内与国外仪器测定的结果是不同的。

According to the boundary relations of the electromagnetic field, and based on the phenomena of double refraction and double reflection in crystals, the reflectivity and transmissivity are deduced at boundary when an extraordinary beam is incident from an isotropic medium upon a crystal or from a crystal to an isotropic medium with optical ax.

为分析非常偏振光在晶体表面的能量损耗，给出一种求解反射率和透射率的方法，即根据电磁场的边值关系以及晶体的双折射和双反射现象，求解晶体光轴在入射面内时，非常偏振光从各向同性介质入射到晶体和从晶体出射到各向同性介质两种情况的反射率和透射率的方法，并给出反射率和透射率的解析解，同时得到对于晶体光轴在入射面内的情况，光轴的取向对非常偏振光反射率的大小几乎没有影响，但对产生全反射的临界角θc影响较大的结论。

In the new prism, the structure angles of the second half prism were modified so that extraordinary ray is incident with Brewster angle.

新棱镜改变了第二劈的结构角使e光以布儒斯特角入射第二劈入射面。

When sunlight is reflected from a horizontal surface, the plane of incidence is vertical.

当太阳光从水平面反射时，入射面是垂直的。

When the optical axis is in the plane of incidence,the reflectivity fitting functions of s- and p-polarized light are presented.

通过分析波矢沿任意方向的单轴晶体的折射率，在光轴位于入射面内时，给出了入射光分别为s光和p光的反射率拟合函数。

By computer simulation, we analyze the influence of the incidence plane, incidence angle and thickness of air gap on transmittance, and the dependence of the transmittance on wavelength is given in the spectral range which is required by the instrument system using Sellmeier dispersion equation. The transmittance of Grand-Taylor prism is tested in experiment, and the results are in good agreement with the theoretical results, so the correctness of the theory is verified.

论述了自行设计研制的偏振干涉成像光谱仪的工作原理，分析了其核心部件格兰-泰勒棱镜的分光机理；运用光线追迹方法，推导出了格兰-泰勒棱镜全视场角透过率计算公式；通过计算机模拟分析了入射面、入射角和空气隙厚度对该棱镜透过率的影响，并利用方解石Sellmeier色散方程，给出了该棱镜在仪器系统要求的光谱范围内透过率与波长的关系曲线；实验测试结果与理论计算公式相符，验证了理论公式的正确性。

The totally reflected beam by a dielectric interface actually exhibits a lateral shift from the position of geometric reflection in the plane of incidence,and a transverse shift normal to the plane of incidence.

光束在电介质界面发生全反射时，实际反射光束会在入射面内相对于几何反射光束产生一侧向位移，在垂直于入射面的方向产生一横向位移。

An optical element such as a rear projection screen for an image display device comprises at least two substantially rigid sheet members each having a first major surface and a second major surface providing a plane of incidence and a plane of emergence, respectively, through which light is transmitted sequentially. A first sheet member comprises a Fresnel lens, and a second sheet member comprises a lenticular lens array on each of the major surfaces thereof.

一种光学元件，例如用于图象显示装置的背投式屏幕（1），包括至少两个基本为刚性各具第一主表面（21；31）和第二主表面（22，32）的板部件（2；3），分别提供顺序穿过光线（10）的入射面和出射面，第一板部件（2）和第二板部件（3）在其各个主表面（31，32）上分别包含一个菲涅耳透镜（24）和一个双凸透镜阵列33，35。

Theoretical analyses show that the BRF has the maximum tuning rate when the optic axis is located on the cone with its symmetric axis being on the refracted ray and apex of 45°; and the rejection of unwanted wavelength of BRF becomes the maximum when the optic axis is in the plane which contains the refracted ray and makes the angle of 45° or 135° with respect to the incident plane.

分析表明当晶片光轴处在以折射光线为轴线、顶角为45°的圆锥面上时，双折射调谐器具有最快的波长调谐速率；当光轴位于过折射光线并与入射面成45°或135°的平面内时，调谐器抑制非所需波长的能力最强。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。