入射的

In the analysis of the frequent spectrum and the reflection coefficients, based on Godas two-points method which fit to the normal incident wave, a modified two-points method is derived that can be used to calculate the frequent spectrum and reflection coefficient of the oblique waves from which the frequent spectra of incident waves and reflected waves incoming in arbitrary angular, the bulk reflection coefficient and the frequent spectrum of reflection coefficient could be computed, also from which in theory the waves could be measured in two wave gauges which is disposed at any direction.

为了分析单向不规则波入射波的频率谱和反射系数，本文在Goda用于分析正向不规则波的两点法的基础上，提出了可用于斜向不规则波频谱分离及其反射系数计算的改进两点法，该方法可用于计算任意波浪入射角的入、反射波谱、总体反射系数和反射系数的频率谱，并且测量波浪过程的两浪高仪可在较广的方向范围内布置。

In the analysis of the frequent spectrum and the reflection coefficients, based on Goda's two-points method which fit to the normal incident wave, a modified two-points method is derived that can be used to calculate the frequent spectrum and reflection coefficient of the oblique waves from which the frequent spectra of incident waves and reflected waves incoming in arbitrary angular, the bulk reflection coefficient and the frequent spectrum of reflection coefficient could be computed, also from which in theory the waves could be measured in two wave gauges which is disposed at any direction.

为了分析单向不规则波入射波的频率谱和反射系数，本文在Goda用于分析正向不规则波的两点法的基础上，提出了可用于斜向不规则波频谱分离及其反射系数计算的改进两点法，该方法可用于计算任意波浪入射角的入、反射波谱、总体反射系数和反射系数的频率谱，并且测量波浪过程的两浪高仪可在较广的方向范围内布置。

Since the multiple scattering should be considered, the scattering problem of many-cylinders is more complicated than single cylinder. By using scattering matrix method to solve the scattering problem of many-cylinders, first we have to express the incident fieldand scattered field by special function（for example, Bessel function and Hankel function）under cylindrical coordinate, then use the addition theorem of special function to get a linear system of equations to relate the incident field coefficients and scattered field coefficients. The incident and scattered field coefficients for every cylinder can be solved from the linear equations by matching electromagnetic boundary condition pointwisely.

单颗圆柱散射体的散射场解析解很早就被解出，而多个圆柱阵列的散射场问题因为涉及到入射光在圆柱与圆柱间的多重散射，故散射行为较单颗圆柱的散射复杂，因此圆柱阵列的多重散射问题需要利用加法定理来处理；散射矩阵法的主要精神即是先用圆柱座标下的特殊函数对平面波和圆柱散射体的内外域电磁场做无穷级数展开，再藉由特殊函数的加法定理将所有圆柱散射体的展开中心移到同一个展开中心，最后可以得到一组连结整个散射系统的入射电磁场系数及散射电磁场系数的线性方程组，将该组线性方程配合电磁场在散射体边界的连续条件，便可分别求出圆柱阵列中各个圆柱体的内部电磁场与外部散射场，再利用线性叠加原理即可求得整个圆柱系统的全域电磁场分布。

The output of electron acoustic signal in the ferroelectrics is calculated on the basis of their piezoelectric properties. The results show that the magnitude of electron acoustic signal not only related with beam currents, beam power and modulation frequency, but also with sample properties especially electric parameters such as dielectric constant and spontaneous polarization.

本文首次以典型的铁电BaTiO〓材料为试样，从其具有的压电性出发，推导了这类材料的电声信号理论表达式，结果表明电声信号的大小不仅与实验参数如入射电流、入射电子能量以及调制频率等有关。

When the temperature changes, several device parameters such as the transmittance, the extinction ratio and the curve of the transmittedintensity will change accordingly for devices made of the Iceland crystal.

其次系统分折了温度对格兰·泰勒棱镜和格兰·付科棱镜的透射光强曲线的影响，利用光的干涉原理和不同振动形式的反射比公式，得到了格兰棱镜在同一入射波长、温度改变时的扰动因子极大值点的移动量以及相同的温度改变、不同人射波长时扰动困子极大值点的移动量。

Developed two computer software namedSEMA and MMEA, which can calculate the single line mooring force and thestiffness matrix of the whole mooring system. And use these softwares to compute theforce-excursion relationship of a four lines moored Spar platform in different intialhorizontal force conditions, shown the influences of the intial horizontal force to themooring stiffness. 3. The Spar can be simplified as a large diameter, truncated cylinder, we focus onthe diffraction problem in bichromatic incident waves, and the boundary integralequation method is applied.

按照上述理论和方法编制了计算单根系泊索系泊力的SEMA程序和计算系泊刚度的MMEA程序，并利用这两套程序，在不同预张力的初始条件下，对一座四索系泊Spar平台的系泊系统进行了分析，揭示了Spar平台整体系泊力随位移变化的规律， 3、将Spar平台主体简化为大尺度的直立浮动圆柱体，对双频入射波作用下平台主体的绕射问题进行了深入的理论研究，并且采用边界积分方程法，对二阶差频波浪力进行了求解。

To obtain precise result, itis necessary, in the aspect of hardware, to set up one stable optics system with highSNR, only if so, can we do the measurement with the steady NIR. To do so, we designthe optics system using AOTF, and take some measures to increase the light energyand the system SNR, which includes the three layers structure of the light chamber,the equipments to cover the useless light, polarizing to reduce the influence of 0 gradelight and focalize the light with lens. Apart from the hardware aspect, according to theexperiments, we can see that the different temperatures between at setting up themodels and at predicting the results will affect the prediction results in a way, and theaffection extent will be increased along with the increase of the temperaturedifference. Moreover, the light energy that can be detected will be different with thecontact pressure, and the match of the refractive indexes between the tissue and thesurroundings will enhance the light transmission depth, which will take moreinformation of the tissue. So, during the measurement, we should ensure the sametemperature between measuring and predicting, the same contact pressure at everymeasurement and the match of the indexes between the tissue and the surroundings aspossible as we can.

要提高测量精度，从硬件方面就必须有一个稳定的、信噪比较高的分光光路系统，以此得到稳定的近红外光来进行无创检测，针对这个目的，我们设计了 AOTF 分光光路系统，并在系统中采用一定的措施如三层灯室结构、遮光筒以减小杂散光、起偏和检偏来减小 0 级光影响、透镜汇聚等等来提高出射光的能量和系统的信噪比；从其他影响因素方面，通过实验，我们得到不同的建模温度对于预测结果有一定的影响，且影响随着温度的差值越大而越大，另外散反射光谱的能量也随着接触压力的不同而不同，组织的折射率与环境匹配将加大光的入射深度，从而能携带更多的组织信息，所以在测量时我们尽可能保证同一温度、保证同一接触压力以及利用物理或者化学的方法使组织与环境折射率匹配等。

Therefore, the research on the character of the sound field and the cavitation field in the sonochemical reactor is vital for making certain the optimum condition of reaction, increasing sonochemical rate and promoting the sonochemistry transitted from lab scale to industry.

对准平面波入射时，反应器内置入圆柱形扩散体后的辐射声场进行了理论研究，知道圆柱形扩散体对改善反应器内的驻波特性使其均匀有一定的效果。 3、设计并制作了简易水听器，分析和测试了水听器的各项性能。

The design principle of the laser receiver with wide FOV for the laser command guidance and laser-beam riding guidance is introduced. A mathematic model of receiving light field is presented. The formula for the viewing angle of the detecting optical system was derived according to the diffraction light field of the oblique incidence parallel light. Taking a detecting optical system with the collecting objective for example, the design characteristic that the receiving optical system needs not only an extra large relative aperture but also an unvignetting receiving performance is discussed on the premise of meeting the requirement of 1064nm WFOV laser receiver.

介绍激光指令制导和激光驾束制导的大视场激光接收机的设计原理，给出接收光场的数学模型，由斜入射平行光的衍射光场推出探测光学系统的视场角公式，根据1064nm大视场激光接收机技术要求，以聚光物镜型探测光学系统为例，探讨接收光学系统既须具备特大相对孔径，又须具备无晕接收性能的设计特点，采用窄带干涉滤光镜进行光学滤波降噪。

Microscopic characteristics of cladded crystal fiber are analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Laue X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, it is found that magnesium-ion indiffusion does not affect the single crystal structure and the domain structure of the magnesium diffused crystal fiber. It is found for the first time that MgO-rich layer in the magnesium diffused LiNbO〓 surface layer exhibits the crystal structure of an unknown compound from the Li-Mg-Nb-O ternary system and MgNb〓O〓. It is proposed for the first time that this unknown compound and MgNb〓O〓 in MgO-rich layer are the real sources of magnesium-ion indiffusion LiNbO〓. Their appearance indicate that MgNb〓O〓 is in the surface layer of MgO-rich layer, the unknown compound is in the subsurface layer and beneath where the MgNb〓O〓 is located, and these compounds have obviously preferred orientation.

通过镁离子内扩散法，首次在国内实现了具有阶跃和抛物折射率分布的c轴LiNbO〓单晶光纤和a轴Nd：MgO：LiNbO〓单晶光纤的芯—包层波导结构，为我国在该项目的研究填补了空白；建立了晶纤损耗的测量系统，提出了利用单模石英光纤作为晶纤入射光耦合器的思想；通过对晶纤损耗的测量，得到了包层晶纤比未包层晶纤损耗降低约14倍的好结果，并实现了低次模传输：对经镁离子内扩散实现包层后的晶纤的微观特性，利用X射线衍射，劳厄照相和扫描电镜表征发现，晶纤并不因镁离子的内扩散而影响其单晶结构和镁的扩散层畴的变化。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷