入射的

The angular correlation between the emitted electrons, which equally shared the excess energy, was analyzed in the plane defined by the projectile and the first detected electron.

着重分析了在入射电子束与出射电子构成的平面内，3个均分系统剩余能量的电子出射角关联关系，并与理论计算进行了比较。

The transparent dielectric film has a refractive index selected to be in a range of from 1.30 to 1.46, both inclusively, with respect to the wavelength of incident light and has an optical film thickness selected to be in a range of from 0.20 lambda to 0.38 lambda , both inclusively, when lambda is the wavelength of incident light.

相对入射光的波长而言，透明绝缘膜的折射率被选定在1.30至1.46范围内，且包含此二值在内，光学膜的厚度被选定在0.20λ和0.38λ的范围内，且包含此二值在内，这里的λ是入射光的波长。

The experimental data are used to fit the refractive index change of glass, sliver and polystyrene with wavelength, and the SPR sensor sensitivity under different wavelengths was achieved by application of the fit result in theoretical calculation.

根据得到的实验数据，对玻璃、银和聚苯乙烯的折射率相对波长的变化进行了数据拟合，将拟合的结果用于理论计算，得到不同入射波长下表面等离子体共振传感器的探测灵敏度，提出了不同灵敏度要求下入射波长的优化选取。

Both of the ESD were proportional to kVp 2.2 to kVp 2.5 and were linear proportion to mAs. Inverse square law exists in the relationship of focus-film distance, FFD, and ESD. The impacts of field size and patient thickness to ESD are negligible. Optimized operating condition is chosen to improve the diagnosis rate and to reduce the patient dose. The ESD, 0.12±0.06 mGy, performing the optimized operating condition of chest x-ray examinations, is less than both values of reference doses recommended by NRPB and IAEA.

研究结果发现，入射表面剂量随操作条件而变，以相同的条件照射，三相位X光机所造成表面剂量大约是单相位X光机的1.9倍；入射表面剂量与kVp的2.2至2.5次方成比例，与mAs约成线性正比，与焦斑至底片距离的关系大约符合平方反比定律；照野面积及身体厚度虽会影响表面剂量的大小，但其程度远低於kVp及mAs的影响。

A reflection type diffraction grating according to the present invention has a structure in which a metal film as a first layer with reflectance not lower than 30 % with respect to the wavelength of incident light and a transparent dielectric film as a second layer are laminated successively on the surface of the reflection type diffraction grating.

本发明的反射型衍射光栅的结构以金属膜为第一层，相对于入射光波长，具有不低于30％的反射率，以透明绝缘膜为第二层，所述第一和第二层依次被层叠在所述反射型衍射光栅的基底表面上。

It is named shift operator FDTD method. The high accuracy and efficiency of this method is confirmed by computing the reflection coefficients of electromagnetic waves by a collisional plasma slab. The reflection coefficients between plasma and the atmosphere or vacuum can be calculated by using the SO-FDTD method.The result is that the reflection coefficie...

应用该方法计算了冷等离子体平板对电磁波的反射系数，通过与解析结果的比较，验证了该算法的高效性和高精度，同时，应用SO_FDTD方法，计算了等离子体层对垂直入射电磁波的反射系数，结果表明等离子体厚度、电子密度、电子密度的分布形式和入射波频率是影响反射系数的重要因素。

From Maxwell's equations, with material constitutive relation of optically active crystal and boundary conditions of electric field on the boundary between isotropic media and crystal, through coordinate transformation, the formula of the direction of refracted wave for arbitrary direction incident monochromic plane wave was derived. Furthermore, based on the unit vector of direction of refracted wave, eigen waves of electric field, electric displacement vectors and direction of energy flow can be easily obtained.

从麦克斯韦方程组出发，结合旋光晶体的物质方程以及单色平面波从各向同性介质入射到晶体界面时电场的连续性边界条件，通过晶体主轴坐标系和界面坐标系的坐标变换，推导了任意入射方向的单色平面波在晶体界面上的折射方向的求解公式，进而利用所得的折射方向求解晶体中折射波的电场本征模、电位移矢量本征模和光线方向。

The shortcoming of ordinary multimode Y branch optical power splitter is that the branch characteristic strongly depends on the excited modal distribution. Different input conditions including different input modes and different input positions will excite different modes and different intensity distribution of these modes in highly multimode waveguides. The interference of these modes will contribute to distribute unstably, i.e.

多模Y分支器件的设计中存在一个共同的问题，即随着光入射条件的不同(包括入射光的模式不同和输入进波导端面位置不同等)，多模波导中所激励起的模的数目以及各个模之间的功率分配也各不相同，激励起的多个模式之间总是存在着不同程度上的相互干涉影响，从而最终影响功分器的分束均匀性。

The dose enhancement effects and decreasing effects caused by material inhomogeneity were studied quantitatively with a parameter named Dose Perturbation Factor, which was the ratio of the dose at a point in the heterogeneous phantom to the dose of the same spatial location point in the homogeneous phantom. It was showed that the degrees of the dose enhancement or decreasing depended on the energy of radiation, field sizes of the beamlets and compositions of the media. The dose perturbation for high energy X rays is greater than that for low energy X rays. At the same energy condition, the dose perturbation decreased when the field size increased. And the relationship between them was not linear.

模拟结果表明：在小射野情况下，异质组织界面处出现了较大的剂量跃变，剂量扰动效应的强弱程度取决于射线的能量、射野的大小和模体介质的不同等多种因素，高能X射线条件下的剂量扰动效应大于低能X射线条件下的剂量扰动；在入射X射线能量相同的条件下，剂量扰动效应随射野尺寸的减小而增强，并呈现一种非线性关系。

G. it is up to 80 eV when the cluster plane is parallel to the surface. In addition, the impact induced adsorption of C〓 cages was studied in detail. After impacting, the normal incident C〓 was found to move laterally on the surface due to the anisotropic interaction between the dimerized surface and the cage. Finally, it resided on the top of a dimmer or in the trough, which are the energy favored adsorption sites.

在能量为10-20eV的C〓富勒烯表面吸附动力学过程的研究中，我们还发现表面结构的不对称性会引起团簇-表面相互作用的各向异性，从而导致入射团簇在表面上有与入射方向垂直的的横向运动，最后吸附在两个二聚体的中心点和谷点，这两个位置是能量最低的的吸附组态。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷