入射

Compared with the result of plane wave, additional beam factor represents the effect of Gaussian beam, which is related to beam waist size, distance from beam waist to object center and the illuminated area on object, together with the incident or scattering angles.

与平面波解不同的是，在公式中引入了波束因子这一表征波束作用的重要参量，该参量与束腰半径、束腰中心与物体中心距离和物体照射面积以及入射、散射方向有关。

Improving the beam quality of pump laser is critical to get a high quality stokes seed and develop the performance of Raman generator.

最后进行了非聚焦斜入射泵浦宽带喇曼放大的初步实验，得到15倍的斯托克斯能量放大和接近40倍的功率放大比率，放大斯托克斯种子光脉宽被压窄2.6倍。

The outer valence shell binding energy spectrum of benzyl alcohol was also obtained.

实验在非共面对称几何条件下完成，入射电子的能量为2400 eV加结合能。

Because the primary production were mostly distributed in the bottom of ice and the surface water,the role of ice water interface in the ecosystem was very important.

光辐照度由于在冰水界面的量值仅为冰表入射光的不足5.3％至低于1％，成为水中产量最为可能的限制因子。

The method is to draw incident power and reflection power of radar system through directional coupler and bridge circuit,and carries out pretreatment for gathered data with micro control unit,then calculates standing wave ratio.

文中提出一种驻波比在线测试方法，该方法通过定向耦合器和电桥电路将雷达系统的入射功率和反射功率提取出来，然后用单片机对所采集到的数据进行预处理，从而计算出驻波比。

The metal shielding layer was deposited before buffer layer to block light beams directly illuminated on the active layer.

与传统电晶体的差异为在其缓冲层底部沉积一层不透光的金属材料，藉此隔绝光线直接入射至主动层。

Finally, the law that laser reflection characteristics varies with the parameters of the transmitting laser beam and the cat eye optical lens, including aperture, focus and focal shift etc, is achieved.

得出了猫眼效应反射光特性随着入射激光参数以及猫眼光学镜头的基本参数——口径、焦距、离焦量变化的规律。

The study reveals that the reflection characteristics of cat eye effect are intimately correlated with the parameters of the cat eye optical lens and transmitting laser beam, furthermore, this characteristics would change obviously when the distance between the waist of the incident beam and the cat eye optical lens changes greatly.

研究表明，猫眼效应反射光特性与猫眼光学镜头参数和入射激光参数关系密切，在近距离和远距离有着很大差别。

The main reasons and its correlated factors of the photoacoustic signal had been quantitatively analyzed based on signal absorption and photoacoustic rationale. It is found that the changed coupling coefficient of sound source and optical cavity modes which caused by the intensity of incident light absorbed by gas sample is the major reason, and a criterion was put forward for signal saturation depth estimating.

基于气体吸收和光声光谱原理定量分析了光声信号饱和的主要原因及影响因素，分析表明气体样本对入射光强吸收而导致的声源与本征共振模式的耦合系数改变是异常饱和的主要原因，并导出判定光声信号饱和深度的准则以用于判定高浓度气体饱和深度。

The efficacy of photocatalytic oxidation was relative to the number of dip-coated plate, which 2 and above plates was superior to one plate, and also vertical plane to the light source was more efficient than parallel plane. The reaction rate constant showed the color removal decreased as initial MB concentration was raised. As for efficiency of catalyst durability, it was found that TiO2 dip-coated stainless steel plate performed 95% color removal at 5ppm MB even after 4 times repeated usage, which showed favorable durability. However, when the concentration up to 10 ppm, the color removal decreased as the used counts was raised.

脱色率和钢网片数有关，钢网片数超过2片以上时，其光催化效能优於单片者；光催化效能与钢网摆放方式或光源入射的角度有关，与光源垂直摆放的脱色率优於与光源平行摆放者；由反应速率常数得知，反应物之脱色率随著反应物初始浓度的提升而递减：在耐用性方面，亚甲基蓝5ppm在重覆使用四次后，其六个小时脱色率皆维持95%，显示自制光触媒钢网之耐用性颇佳，若将反应物浓度提升至100ppm，其脱色率随著使用次数之增加而递减。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。