入射

The Southwell model is proved a high precision wavefront reconstructed algorithm. The relations between the precision of wavefront reconstructed and the parameter of wavefront sensor are studied.

研究了波前传感器参数、入射光束参量对波前重构精度的影响，提出了菲涅耳波带片的合理阵列数目。

Expanding a monochromatic electromagnetic beam into the sum over a seriesof plane waves using the spectral representation technique derives the generalforms of the scattering formulae of a monochromatic electromagnetic beamincident on wire grids. The general forms of the scattering power formulae of amonochromatic electromagnetic beam by wire grids are presented by usingPoynting theorem.

应用平面波谱技术将单色电磁波展开成连续平面波序列，由平面波入射金属栅网的散射公式推导了单色电磁波通过金属栅网的散射场一般公式，并应用坡印亭定理推导其散射功率的一般表达形式。

For the axicons with 20 mm radius, 10-2 cone angle, when using incident spherical wave whose radius of curvature varius from 1200 mm to 1400 mm, the focal length increases from 200 mm to 120 mm and the lateral intensity distribution increases only 15μm.

对于半径20 mm，锥角θ=1×10－2的圆锥透镜，采用曲率半径为1200~1400 mm的球面入射波，可扩展焦深200 mm到120 mm，光强的均匀性有明显改善，横向场能量分布形状改变量不超过15 μm，完全达到应用要求。

Proved divergent spherical wave incident does not affect SSD and the DOE Joint smoothing properties.

证明发散球面波入射不影响SSD和DOE联合系统的匀滑性能。

On the basis of spherical vector wave functions and Monto Carlo method, the characteristics of scattering and transmission by a single charged sphere and multiple charged spheres are involved.

基于矢量波函数展开和蒙特卡罗方法，研究了高斯波束入射单个和多个带电球粒子的散射传输特性。

The intensity and phase of the external field can also control spontaneous emission from the atom.

驱动场的强度和入射位相也能控制光子晶体中三能级原子的自发辐射。

To improve the simulation accuracy and to make the increment of computation amount the smallest, the quantitative comparison was used to compare the effect of incident direction and difference accuracy on numerical dispersion with the changing of the ratio of horizontal and vertical gird. The results show that the rectangular grid is better than square mesh in suppressing dispersion and can avoid the low computational efficiency caused by high-order difference.

为提高模拟精度，同时又尽可能减少计算量，采用定量分析的方法，对比分析了横纵网格比变化时入射方向和差分精度等因素对数值频散的影响，分析结果表明，矩形网格较之正方形网格能更好地压制频散，同时可以避免高阶差分导致的低计算效率。

The effect caused by variation of distance between spectrometer and diffuse plane, angle from the light axis of the spectrometer′s entrance slit to the diffuse plane′s normal, distance between standard lamp and diffuse plane are analysed, and optimized conditions for spectral radiance calibration are obtained.

通过计算，对光谱仪与漫反射板的距离、光谱仪入射狭缝的光轴与漫反射板法线的夹角以及标准灯与漫反射板的距离等影响光谱仪标定的因素进行分析，得到了最佳的标定条件。

In the lower energy region, the measured data had some deviations with the predictions. Further, the measurements for the polymer foils confirmed the validity of the use of Bragg's rule for the stopping force and energy loss straggling in this energy region.

对於高分子薄膜的测量，证实在本论文研究的能量区间，布拉格规则可适用於入射离子於物质中阻止能力与能量损失岐离的加总之用。

Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation and x-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle.

此外，太阳耀斑的入射和太阳宇宙射线的流量，紫外线和x光线都直接随着太阳黑子的周期而变化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。